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| 0112 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
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This view is of course quite impossible nowadays, as we have a rather good knowledge
of a great number of extremely sharply-marked ranges.
At the end of his article Severtsoff returns to the significance of the name though
he again comes into contradiction with what he has said regarding the Bolor:
The name of »Bolor» in the sense of an entire mountain system, which I have denominated
the Southern Tsun-lin, should, in my opinion, properly be excluded from the geography of Asia, because
it is really not the name of a mountain system, and in this sense is therefore an error. Bolor is the
name of a river and of a town situated upon it (l); and is besides, according to Central Asiatic usage,
the term for the one mountain from which the Bolor issues. They perpetuate an error by giving this
name to a mountain region which has for several ages born another appellation, instead of one that is
general, and at the same time most appropriate, viz., »Tsun-lin». And this name will be preserved
in geography, although the Tsun-lin, as we have seen, does not constitute a complete and independent
mountain system, being formed by the western converging extremities of the Thian-Shan and the Himalayas.
Both of these ranges, however, at their junction assume one common character as to their orography,
somewhat distinct from that of their more distant elevations, as is illustrated by the dispersal of their
peaks, and by the numerous short ranges that detach themselves, and intersect each other.¹
We have seen above that Sir Henry Yule accepted Severtsoff's proposal to call this
somewhat vague mountainous region the Tsung-ling, a proposal that, however, never has
had any success. It cannot be otherwise, for a mountain region formed by the western
converging extremities of the Tien-shan and the Himalayas is in reality a monstrosity
that does not exist. The single fact that explains Severtsoff's view is that he includes
both the Kwenlun and the Kara-korum in his Himalayas.
Severtsoff has at any rate made a serious attempt to approach an exhaustive
definition of the system.
6. YULE.
In his brilliant article »Notes regarding Bolor, and some other names in the apo-
cryphal Geography of the Upper Oxus»,² Sir Henry Yule gives an historical review of
the name Bolor, and as Bolor is a part of the Chinese Tsung-ling, he sometimes comes
in contact with this system.
Yule shows the vitality of the name Bolor for a mountain, a town, a state near the
sources of the Oxus. Cunningham had told us that Bolor was a Dard name for Balti or
Little Tibet. Vivien de St. Martin recurred to the old Bolor Geographorum, west of Pamir,
as a probable explanation of the Puliho of Hsüan-chuang to a small state of Tokharistan.
On Arrowsmith's map of 1834 it was to be found, as well as on the more recent maps
of Kiepert (1864), Berghaus and Keith Johnston. Yule then follows the name from Hsüan-
chuang, the Annals of the T'ang dynasty in the eighth century, from Alberuni in the eleventh,
who speaks of the king Balur Shâh and the mountains of Balur, — the Balûr of Nasruddin
of Tûz (c. 1260), the Bolor of Marco Polo, who travelled nearly the same way as the
Mirza viâ Little Pamir and Chicheklik-davan, so that this Bolor falls within the boundaries
of Sarikol, the Balûr of the Tarikhi-i Rashidi, probably including the whole of the Dard
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