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| 0113 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
83
country and perhaps more — down to recent times. In the beginning of 1700 the name
was introduced in Delisle's maps as being synonymous with the northern Imaus of
Ptolemy, and the Ts'ung-ling of the Chinese.¹
7. RICHTHOFEN.
Ferdinand von Richthofen seems to take the same position as Cunningham and Yule
regarding the situation of Bolor, and is thus in opposition to Humboldt.² He also proves
that Severtsoff who had accepted the Chinese view of the Ts'ung-ling, was wrong when
he spoke of the junction of the two systems Tien-shan and Himalaya. Richthofen had
shown that the independency of the Himalaya ceased where this system meets the Hindu-
kush. In the same way he shows that the Kwenlun is perfectly separated from the
Himalaya, Hindu-kush, Bolor and Tien-shan.
Richthofen's definition of the Ts'ung-ling is much clearer than that of any one of
his predecessors. He says that the mountainous country of the Ts'ung-ling or »Onion
Passes«, begins to the west of Khan-tengri, and that these passes are those which lead
from the westernmost part of the cul-de-sac of Eastern Turkistan in the N. W., W. and
S. W. direction. The Kara-korum Pass, the Pamir passes, the Terek-davan, all are called
Ts'ung-ling on account of the abundance of onions growing on them. Ts'ung-ling is
therefore, according to Richthofen, a conventional appellation based on practical life, and
is not attached to any especially determined mountain. He compares it with the general
application of the name Muz-tagh which is used for all sorts of ice-covered mountains,
and with the word Pamir which may be used for any desolate highland plain.³ At the
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582
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