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| 0116 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
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ouest des Nan chan et plus éloignés l'un de l'autre que ne le sont, en Europe, les Karpathes et la
Sierra Nevada. La géographie chinoise délimite nettement le massif des Kouen lun et fait naître le
Hoang ho sur ses flancs méridionaux entre 93° et 95° de longitude, et il ne convient pas de lui faire
dire un contre-sens en identifiant les Kouen lun et les Tsong ling.
10. ROCKHILL.
In his article . . . . »Tibet. A Geographical, Ethnographical, and Historical Sketch,
derived from Chinese Sources», W. WOODVILLE ROCKHILL mentions from the Hsi-yü-kao-ku-l u
four roads, leading from Chinese Turkistan to Tibet. The first of them is thus described:
From Yarkand around the Ts'ung-ling and thence through Nari to Ulterior Tibet (or Trashil'unpo).
This route is made extremely difficult by the prevalence of noxious vapours.¹
Rockhill does not determine the boundaries of the system. But at another place he
simply regards it as bordering Eastern Turkistan in the west, for he says:
. . . . by Li-yul we must understand Eastern Turkistan, or that region surrounded by the Kuen-
lun, the Tung-lin, and the Tien-shan mountains, but more especially Khoten.²
11. CURZON.
LORD CURZON observes:
. . . . that the Tsungling mountains is a name applied by the Chinese to the entire mountain
mass, including the Pamirs, the Hindu-Kush, and the Mustagh range, as well as the mountain belt south
of them, extending from Badakhshan on the west to Chinese Turkistan on the east.³
This view more especially coincides with the opinion expressed in FA-HIEN's narrative.
12. STEIN.
Finally it should be noted that M. A. STEIN places the name Ts'ung-ling especially
at the meridional ranges of Eastern Pamir:
This designation has been generally applied by the Chinese to the meridional range or ranges
which buttress the Pamir region on the east, and divide it from the Tarim Basin.⁴
He also points to the fact that during the Tang period the term Ts'ung-ling was
used as a special designation of the Sarikol territory itself. The following quotation also
proves that Stein applied the name to a comparatively small part of the mountainous
region, but to the part thereof which always has been the Ts'ung-ling par préférence:
In the 'six countries' east of Ts'ung-ling, i. e. the Pamirs, we possibly have an early reference
to the traditional Alti-shahr or hexapolis of Eastern Turkestan.⁵
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