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| 0069 |
Southern Tibet : vol.8 |
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OCR Text
It would have been more correct to say »vers le sud«, for S. W. of Tokmak are the
Alai and Karategin mountains, while the Sarikol and Kashgar ranges are south of Tokmak.
But the Alai and Karategin are also parts of the Ts'ung-ling in its wider sense. This is
stated in the following paragraph:
A plus de mille li au sud-est de Che (Tachkend) est le pays de Pou-han.² Il est entouré de
montagnes de quatre côtés; le sol y est fertile; il y a là beaucoup de chevaux et de moutons. A mille
li à l'ouest, on arrive à Tou-li-che-na.³ A l'est, (le pays de Pou-han) est voisin de la rivière Che-che
(Sir-darya); cette rivière sort de plateaux septentrionaux des Ts'ong-ling; sa couleur est trouble; elle
coule vers le nord-ouest.
Here the northern plateaux are more fixed as to their geographical position. For
the Sir-darya is said to have its sources in the Ling mountains, which, as we have heard,
were the northern plateaux of the Ts'ung-ling. The situation of the Sogdian town Na-so-po
(Nakhshab) or Karshi in relation to these mountains is given thus:⁴
A l'est, il a pour limite (les monts) Ts'ong-ling; à l'ouest, il touche à Po-la-se (la Perse); au
sud sont des montagnes neigeuses.
This proves that even the westernmost ramifications of the Pamirs belong to the
Ts'ung-ling. It is surprising that the mountains south of Karshi could be given the signi-
fication »Snowy mountains«, which elsewhere is used for the highest ranges south of
the Pamirs.
T'u-ho-lo (Tokharistan) is situated Ȉ l'ouest des (monts) Ts'ong-ling, au sud du fleuve
Ou-hou (Oxus) . . . .«⁵, which is at least an approximate definition of the western boundary
of a part of our system.
In the same paragraph⁶ the country Chieh which Chavannes identifies with the
Chieh-shih of other sources, is thus described:
(Le pays de) Kie se trouve au milieu des Ts'ong-ling; à l'ouest et au sud, il est borné par
(le pays de) Che-mi; au nord-ouest sont les I-ta (Hephthalites). Il est à douze mille li de la capitale.
Le climat y est toujours chaud; on y trouve du riz, du blé, du millet, des haricots; on y élève des
moutons et des chevaux . . . .
She-mi, which we know from Pei-shih and the pilgrim Sung Yün, was situated on
the Bashyul River near Arnawai. That place is said to be west and south of Chieh-shih⁷,
which would place this latter country in Chitral. Therefore it is easy to understand that
this country is said to be in the midst of the Ts'ung-ling. But how the climate always
can be warm there, and how everything, even rice can grow there, is difficult to see.
In Book CX (p. 2 rº) of the T'ang-shu our mountains are called Ts'ung-shan 葱 山.
Chavannes adds in a note:
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582
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