National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

ridges in its background, and the *Tengi-tar* with its foaming brook, and down the
*Pas-rabat* valley. The mountain sides are mostly hidden by detritus, and living rock
crops out only higher up. The valley is broad at the confluence and has excellent
grazing-grounds. There is a burial place with several *gumbes*.

The climate is the same as described above. In the winter the snow is one
foot deep or a little more. At the end of February and beginning of March the wind
is hard. Sometimes it rains a week in the summer, and the rivers grow big; one
has to cross them at noon, as they rise in the evening. At *Pas-rabat* the river
freezes, but not higher up where warm springs come out. July 2nd I made a few
measurements of the river below the point of junction. At 1 o'clock p. m. its breadth
was 16.25 m., the average depth 0.41 m., the average velocity 1.05 m. and the volume
7 cub. m. per second. The temperature of the water was 10.5°, and of the air 17.3°.
If the waterlevel at 1 o'clock is fixed as 0, the river had fallen 1.5 cm. at 3 o'clock
and risen 3.5 at 5 o'clock; at 7 o'clock it had risen 16.0 cm. above 0, and the water
had become very muddy. The average depth was now 57 cm. and the maximum
76 cm. The breadth was 17.25 m., the average velocity 1.45; the volume of water
per second was thus a little above 14 cub. m. The temperature of the water was
now 9.7°. At 8 o'clock the level stood 18 cm. above 0 and the temperature was 9.4°.
At 9 o'clock the river had risen still 1 cm. and the temperature had fallen to 9.1°;
the air having a temperature of 9.8°.

An important road from *Kashgar*, *Yangi-hisar* and *Yarkand* to *Tash-
kurgan* passes by *Pas-rabat*; as a rule 5 or 6 persons pass by every day, some-
times 15 or 20.

On his journey 1906—1908, Dr. M. A. Stein crossed my route at *Pas-rabat*,
which he calls *Toile-bulung*. From *Buramsal-davan* to *Pas-rabat* he has the following
names: *Buramsal* and *Tash-mazar*; from the latter place to the junction with the
*Shinde* River: *Muktushtiya*, *Jashya*, *Kuruk Mazar*, *Yarghik-aghzi*, *Yaghash-öghil*,
*Bashi-Kara-tokai*, *Otra-Kara-tokai*, *Kara-tokai*, *Uchak*, *Momoluk*, *Unghurluk*,
*Kichik Kara-su*, *Kara-su*, *Kokyer*, *Tikan-yurt*, and finally the confluence, between
which and *Tash-kurgan* he travelled in the narrow valley of the *Shinde* River.
To the *Ter-art Pass* he gives an altitude of 2,936 m. or 52 m. more than my
2,884 m.; to *Pas-rabat* he gives 4,067 m. or 27 m. more than my 4,040 m. The
difference between our observations is, therefore, very small.

On July 3rd we had a difficult journey of 19.5 km. west and W. S. W. to *Bulak-
bashi* where the altitude is 3,722 m., being a rise of 838 m. at a rate of 1:23.3.

In the morning the river of *Pas-rabat* stood only 2 cm. above 0, and the
water had a temperature of 7.5°. The rock is the same as hitherto, crystalline schist
and granite or syenite. There is no lack of vegetation, grass, bushes and willow
trees. The steep or nearly vertical erosion terraces reach high up on the slopes of