National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

knowledge in the 16th and 17th
centuries I: 144—153, 159, 160,
178, 180, 182, 184, 186f., 189ff.,
168, 203, 206, 209, 240, 242, VII:
36f., 31f., 48, 57, 61, 63, 114;
18th, 19th centuries I: 201,
215f., 213, 221, 223f., 227f.,
260, 267, 273, 275, 281, 285, II:
19, 66, 83, 106f., III: 44f., 88f.,
92, 133, 135, VII: 33, 74, 97, 102,
114, 128, 131, 135, 168, 176, 442;
Hedin's explorations, 1906/08,
IV: 192—199, 424.
Kailas Mt. and Range I: 5f., 8,
17—21, 66f., 107, 110—115,
119, 123, 127—130, 266, 278, II:
77, III: 12, 36, 67, 217f., IV:
304, VII: 77, 194, IX4: 27.
Kara-korum, résumé VII: 469;
existence still denied by Raw-
linson VII: 120; first certain
knowledge VII: 118, 120, 177—
182; first crossing VII: 316;
proved as a system by the
Schlagintweits VII: 316, 326.
Kwen-lun I: xx, 40, 84, 111,
194, 203, 222f., 259, II: 30, 40,
VII: 74, 90, 97, 121, 386, VIII:
5, 82.
Manasarovar II: 10f., 13,
25—53, 112f., 163, 205, III: 36,
VII: 26—29, 31f., 77, 86, 113,
115, 117, 122, 164, IX4: 59, 8.
also Sacred Las.
Eastern Pamir VII: 7, 37—46,
76, 110f., 163, 210, 201; iden-
tified with Tsung-ling VIII: 7,
19, 42, 46, 79 f., 84—87; Hedin's
journey in IX: 1—83.
Sacred Las. (Manasarovar and
Rakas-tal) I: xxi—xxx, 19ff., 28,
48, 58—65, 82ff., 110—113, 123—
139, 154—157f., 168, 171, 204,
240—243, 245, 274ff., 281, 285,
287—292, II: 117, VII: 32,
VIII: 34f.; 19th century II:
3f., 13—17, 24, 28ff., 31, 38,
31f., 60—73, 91—94, 136—139;
the Stracheys II: 86—92, 126;
Pundits II: 102—113.
Satiej I: 11f., 69, 153, 176,
191f., 198, 201, 203, 216ff., 221,
236, 267f., 283—290, 292, II:
4f., 46, VII: 22, 113, IX4: 41f.
Tarim, on Chinese maps VIII:
213f., 247, 249, 264, 285f., 289,
292, 299, 393, 308f., 385f.,
388f., 394f., 402, 404f.; on
Turkish maps VIII: 411ff., 427;
pretended upper course of Hu-
ang-ho I: 84, VIII: 5, 8f., 213f.,
249, 249, 286, 305, 388; on Pto-
lemy's atlas I: 39, 83, 103, VII:
9; on European maps in the
18th century I: 222, 250, 255.
Tibet, difficulties of investigat-
ing I: xv, 276f., IV: 65, 75, 109,
114f., 227, 267, 291; first men-
tioned by Carpini I: 134; first

appearance in European maps
I: xxiv; first correct represen-
tation I: xxvii; the first Euro-
peans in I: 136f., III: 4.
Transhimalaya, general re-
marks III: 3, 167; résumés III:
95, 212f., IV: 331f.; early know-
ledge I: 90, III: 3ff., 10, 13, 31,
33ff., 82, 95, 158, VII: 8; 19th
century III: 56, 68, 72, 81, 91f.,
95f., 121, 123, 126f., 133f., 147,
154, 156, 171, 176, 187f., 191, 193
—196, 200ff., 211ff., 219, 228, 260,
VII: 131, 162, 171, 173, 184, 201,
219, 341, 372, 560; Hedin's
journeys 1906—1908 in Central
T.: I: xxxif., II: 293, III: 188,
245—369, IV: 331—393, 400—
403, VII: 563ff.
Tsangpo, antique knowledge
I: 25, 33, 37, 40f., 90f., 124,
233; 16th and 17th centuries I:
xx, 185, 191, 199, 231—234,
238ff., II: 267ff., IV: 355; 18th
century I: 221, 223, 227, 243,
267, 277f., 283—290, II: 217—
221, 268—272, III: 30f.; relation
to Manasarovar I: xxix, 287,
II: 271; problem of identity
with Tsangpo I: xxvii, 287,
286f., II: 7, 221, 277—283,
III: 36, 97; 19th century II: 32,
223—250; Nain Sing II: 233—
237, 273—276, 280, IV: 355;
Ryder II: 32, 132, 244—248,
273ff., III: 221, IV: 285, 355;
Hedin's journey II: 245ff., 287,
291—330, III: 130, IV: 353—365.
Ts'ung-ling, Chinese explora-
tions III: 55, VIII: 3—4, 9, 219,
294ff., 299f., 327ff., 378ff., 395—
401; identified with Pamir VII:
346, VIII: 3, 19, 42, 46, 79f.,
84ff.; European knowledge du-
ring the 19th century VII:
149ff., 156, 161ff., 166, 173,
VIII: 23, 28, 49—52, 57, 75—88.
Eastern Turkistan VII: 15, 36,
62, VIII: 3—15, 18f., 21—24,
34ff., 41f., 59ff., 207ff., 229ff.,
249 ff., 277, 289, 292ff., 298f.,
306—320.
Exploration, s. also Cartography.
Geographical information, Lakes
of Tibet, Orography, Sources,
Terra incognita.
Exposition, influence on freezing
of brks. IV: 45.

Fakirs, Account of two II: 10ff.,
Falks II: 152, IX: 109.
Fall: of Indus and Shayok II: 95,
VII: 522—525; Tsangpo II:
283, VII: 543f.; other rivs. VII:
521—525, 530f., 543—548.
s. a. also Gradients.
Famines, periodicity of II: 34.
Fans: at the base of Ladak Ra. IV:
186f., 193; of Eastern Pamir

vals. IX: 34, 39; Transhimalayan
vals. III: 270ff., 274f., 282.
Faults V: 98, 211f., VII: 563f., 371.
Feldspar III: 329, V: 11f., 15, 24,
26, 35, 39, 41, 48f., 54, 57ff., 62
—67, 105f., 116, 136f., IX: 55,
143, 145, 162f., 165f.; rocks with-
out V: 65f., 85, 87, 90f., 99,
103ff., 107, 140, 142, 169f.
— granite VII: 466.
— sandstone IV: 244, V: 126.
Ferriferous rock specimens V: 17,
20f., 23ff., 33, 37, 41, 51, 62, 68,
80, 91, 97, 106, 134, 137, 143, s.
also Iron ore.
Ferries: at Tsangpo I: 105, II:
268, 270, 275, 203f., 298, 307f.,
318, III: 256, IX4: 65f.; other
rivs. III: 256, IX4: 78, 84, 88ff.
Festivals, Tibetan II: 294, III: 22.
Fire-places II: 88f., 269, 271, VII:
438.
— stone, s. Flint.
Firnmulden IV: 376f., VII: 428.
IX: 15, 20, 51, 54, 62.
Fish II: 47, III: 141, 256, 282, 346,
356, IV: 153, 183, 292, 296, VII:
212, 410.
Fissures in clay ground IV: 41, 71.
s. also Cracks.
Flint (Fire-stone) II: 321, IV: 260,
V: 24, 26, 127.
Flocks: of nomads in Eastern Pa-
mir IX: 15, 33f., 40, 42, 45, 51f.,
57, 59, 73, 75f., 84; in Tibet II:
315, 310f., 325, III: 264f., 285,
303f., 313f., 333f., 366, IV: 370.
Floods: at Buptsang-tsangpo III:
322; Manasarovar II: 137;
Tsangpo IV: 391.
—, s. also Cataclysms, Inunda-
tions.
Fluvial period at Manasarovar II:
154.
Flysh (-formation) V: 202f., 207f.,
IX: 174.
Fog IV: 222f., IX: 4, 10, s. also
Dust-f., Mist.
Folding, metamorphous gneiss-grani-
ites V: 213; during Cretaceous
and Tertiary V: 206, VII: 502,
545, 587; Herzynic of Pamir IX:
174.
— troughs, Tibetan VII: 500f.,
503, 552f., 555f.
Folds, folded strata II: 166, IV:
324, 379, V: 17, 181, 184f., 209
—212, VII: 500—503, 537ff.,
549f., 552f., 555f., 561—564,
571, 575, 585, 587, 55, 113.
Foraminiferal deposits V: 6, 124,
143, IX: 157, 167, 176ff.
Fordableness, Fords: of Indus II:
107, III: 341; Tsangpo II: 235,
257ff., 261f., 270f., 274, 287f.,
III: 311, 314, 154, IX4: 62, 64,
65f.; other rivs. III: 268, 283f.,
287, 294, 312, 317, 349f., IV:
310, VII: 515, IX: 4f., 22, 80.