National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

Forests: diminution in, and cli-
matic change II: 189; in Gold-
stream ctry. IX₄: 87, 90, 92, 94,
96, 100, 103, 108, 112, 117ff.,
122, 127, 129; in Himalaya II: 99,
220, 227, 255, 258; Eastern Pamir
IX: 28, 57, 76, 80; Tibet II: 320,
VII: 101; Eastern Turkistan I:
256, VI₁: 16, VIII: 337, 442.
—, s. also Jungle.
Formula, holy of the Tibetans
IV: 81, 375.
Fortifications, Forts, Fortresses:
II: 121, 300, 317, III: 60, IV:
195, IX: 4, 7; in Gold-stream
ctry. IX₄: 77f., 83f., 89, 93, 97ff.,
100f., 117f., 122, 127f.
Fossils II: 86, 90, IV: 36, V: 6,
18ff., 34ff., 97, 110, 112, 124,
145ff., 175—203, 206ff.,
VII: 278, IX: 132, 154, 175—178,
s. also Ammonites, Barrémien,
Belemnites, Inocramus, Num-
mulites, Orbitolina, Prunoidea,
Rhinoceros, Sphaeroidea, Sphae-
rolithes.
Fowl at Manasarovar II: 48.
Foxes II: 308, III: 322, 365, IV: 92,
171, 193, 221, 248, 261, VIII:
118, 140, IX: 20, 73, 78, 83.
Fragilaria Gen. VI₁: 111f., 118
—122.
Franciscans, s. Missionaries.
Freezing: of brks. and rivs. II: 132,
IV: 45, IX: 11f., 67, 80; of Ti-
betan las. II: 344, 346, 356,
IV: 49f., 58, 63, 140, 168, 174;
of Rakas-tal II: 49f., 131, 134,
166, 167.
—, s. also Ice(-sheets).
Fresh-water Las. in Tibet II: 37,
63, 76, III: 24, 137, IV: 101,
142, 228f., 242, 265, 268, VII:
405, 408, 511; along Lower
Tarim VI₁: 17.
Frozen ground favourable for cara-
vans IV: 75.
Fuel-supply: in Kara-korum IV:
211f., 214, 216f.; Eastern Pamir
IX: 46, 57, 70, 78; Tibet IV: 31,
39, 41, 37f., 62, 65, 71, 85, 95,
101, 131, 136, 149, 158, 186, 220
—223, 227, 232, 235, 237, 239,
244f., 249, 252, 257, 260, 264,
266, 277—280.
Fumariaceae VI₁: 78f.
Furze II: 42, 46.
Fusulinae IX: 178.

Gabbro II: 252, V: 30, 53, 83, 165,
167f., 207, 209.
—diabase V: 210.
Gammarus (Pulex) VI₁: 182, VII:
410.
Ganga, general signification for
large rivs. III: 114.
Gangri, i. e. snowy mt. I: 110,
II: 114, 129, III: 226, 358,
VII: 112.

Gardens II: 295f., 298, 304, 320,
IV: 328, IX: 80, 83f.
Garnet-andalusite-gneiss IX: 145.
—hornblende-gneissgranite IX:
142.
—mica-schist VII: 444, IX: 146f.
Garnets V: 11, 14, 87f., 92f., 103,
177f., VII: 444; IX: 138ff.,
141, 145ff., 148, 153, 161ff.,
164, 166.
Garpun, Garpan, i. e. govenor
IV: 185.
Garrisons: Chinese, in Gold-stream
ctry. IX₄: 70, 81ff., 104, 107;
in Eastern Pamir IX: 4f., 41,
43, 47, 71.
Gault V: 201ff., 207ff., VII: 502.
Gazella-antelopes IV: 166, 247,
281, 291, 333.
—picticaudata IV: 137, 176.
Geese II: 167, 326, III: 282, 285,
292, 304, 313, 322, 329, 333, 352,
408, IV: 173, 294, 298, IX: 37, 66.
Gentianaceae VI₁: 47f.
Geographical coordinates, s. Astro-
nomical observations, Coordi-
nates, geographical.
— cycle of development VII: 501,
517, 542.
— fables, importance for research
II: 23; fabelous tribes VIII:
153.
—, s. also Legendary geography.
— homologies II: 201—204, III:
283, 365, IV: 289, VII: 478,
500, 503, 505.
— information, methods of, II:
21, 22; in Tibet, difficulties, s.
also Exploration, Native infor-
mation.
— names: uncertainty of I: 100,
IV: 96ff., 101ff., IX₄: 18;
transcription II: 32, IV: 98,
VIII: 4f., 32, 101, 435, IX₄:
68, 70; in Chinese maps VIII:
112, 291, IX₄: 5ff., 75f.; old
pronunciation of Chinese names
VIII: 4, 101, 132—135, 435—
452; in Sanscrit II: 71; ortho-
graphy of Turkish names VIII:
383, IX: 91—123.
— — in Karakorum and Kwen-
lun VII: 585, VIII: 324ff., IX:
85.
— — Eastern Pamir VIII: 396—
399, IX: 13, 19, 65, 78.
— — Tibet: European VII: 466;
Tibetan I: 126ff., VIII: 298,
IX₄: 3—66; in Chinese tra-
diction VIII: 208, IX₄: 5f.,
10, 71f.; Manchu, Mongolian
IX₄: 5ff., 75f.
— — Eastern Turkistan: Chinese
VIII: 316ff., 331—338, 383,
413—423, 425—429, 437—452,
IX₄: 85—92; Manchu VIII:
VIII: 295f., 331, 357, IX: 89, 92;
Mongol VIII: 331, 340ff., 382ff.,
413, 415f.; Persian VIII: 300,

331, 338, 347, 359, 367, 415,
418f., 421f., 426—430, IX: 80,
93—123; Tibetan I: 121, IX: 89;
Turkish VI₁: 45, VIII: 315ff.,
328ff., 338—367, 382ff., 413—
423, 426—431, IX: 89—123; of
other origin IX: 89, 116.
Geographical names: s. also Nomen-
clature.
Geological maps: Lyddekor: Kara-
korum, 1880, V: 8, VII: 348;
Kashmir etc., 1883, VII: 348;
— Map, Hayden, 1908, VII:
348; Herbert II: 55, s. also Car-
tography, Maps.
— profiles across Tibet (including
Transhimalaya) V: 180—197;
specimens from Pamir 1894—
1895, IX: 134—157; Tibet 1906
—1908, V: 5—80, VII: 302;
— Survey of India III: 238, V:
5ff., 37, 44, 55, 115, 163, VII:
418, 421, 446.
Geology: of Himalaya II: 203,
V: 6ff., 13, 37, 42, 78, 93, 97,
157f., 160, 170, 177, 186, 190,
199f., 202f., 205, 207, 209, VII:
458, 501ff., 505, 545.
— Kara-korum IV: 213—217, V:
8, 145, 147, VII: 83, 122, 199,
220f., 224, 233f., 278, 286f., 344
—348, 364, 417, 431ff., 435,
442ff., 449ff., 462, 472, 474—
478, 481, 485, 488, 575.
— Kwen-lun VII: 344f., IX: 131ff.,
469.
— Eastern Pamir VII: 344, 347,
IX: 39, 42, 45f., 61—64, 74, 131
—180.
— Tarim Basin IX: 178.
— Tibet III: 195f., IV: 124, 252,
V: 5—212, VII: 181, 201, 294,
324, 332f., 343—347, 364f., 408,
410f., 501ff., 587; Chang-tang
IV: 219ff., 245f., 256, 301;
Indus rg. II: 212, III: 173, 337f.,
IV: 193, V: 110, 122, 165, 172,
202ff., 210, VII: 127, 287f., 432,
435; Kailas rg. IV: 372, 374—
379, V: 107, 176, 187f., 192;
Ladak V: 10ff., 176, 205, VII: 376;
Sacred Las. (Manasarovar, Ra-
kas-tal) II: 87, 89, 151ff., 157,
159ff., 166—169, V: 84, 87, 90f.,
90, 101, 105, 142, 178, 180f., 192,
204; Satley val. II: 86, IV: 305,
309, 312, 314, 321, V: 141, 172,
176, 199, 201, 204, 200f., VII:
478, 502f., 546, 588; Trans-
himalaya V: 6ff., 42, 45f., 55, 73,
107, 111, 121f., 131, 154, 159ff.,
163—169, 177, 185, 180f., 196,
199—207, 209—212, VII: 501ff.,
505, 559, 563, 567—504, 571;
Tsangpo rg. II: 294, 298ff.,
307ff., 319, V: 65, 76, 82, 84, 101,
163, 165, 167, 172, 170ff., 199ff.,
204, 209ff., VII: 502.
— Tien-shan IX: 132f.