国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

sacrifices are still carried on secretly. The following has been observed by a European,
whose name I am not allowed to mention. At the Mela at this Kāli temple, the object
of the sacrifice is carried down to the temple by a person who must not be met by any-
body. In fact, the rumour is spread that every person who meets that man will die
before a year is passed. The European quite unexpectedly made his appearance before
the priest who cursed him. However, he is of opinion that what the priest carried
wrapped up in his bundle looked very much like human limbs. The prohibition of the
Brahmans, that nobody must meet the priest on his way to the Kāli temple, has its
origin in the wish to keep eye-witnesses away from this ghastly sacrifice.

On the road from Chini to Pangi, not far from Chini, below the road, there is a
ruined house which is known as the house of the first European who settled in the
country. He was married to a Kanāwari woman by jungle rites. He has become the
hero of a song in Kanāwari, discovered by Mr. Bruske at Chini, in which the complexion
of the European is praised as having been like butter. Like most of the Kanāwari songs,
this one has also a personal touch. These songs treat of prominent people who have be-
come known to the Kanāwaris. The fact that all the heroes of their songs are modern
men, could be explained in this way. The songs were composed in early times in
honour of kings or heroes whose names have been entirely forgotten. When a new king,
or a new hero arises, the words of the old songs are left unchanged, whilst the personal-
ities are exchanged for new ones. We have very similar cases in Tibetan folklore.¹

On the 29th June, we passed through Pangi. In the vicinity of the village, there
is one of those Lamaist gates built across the road, such as are frequently met with in
these parts. (Plate V, b.) In Ladakh there are many similar ones. They all have a
mchod-rten on the roof, and frescoes on the ceiling. Here in the Kanāwari country these
are distinguished by their elegant wooden roofs which are built over the mchod-rten, to
protect it from rain. The roof is covered, and, therefore, has somewhat the appearance of
a Chinese roof. Gerard believed all this kind of architecture to be influenced by the
Chinese style of building, which he believed to exist immediately on the other side of the
Tibeto-Chinese frontier. However, we should have to travel thousands of miles, before
we should meet with the first representatives of Chinese architecture. These doors are
here known by the name of kang-ga-ni, a name which is given in Ladakh only to the
most ancient specimens.

Close to the door, there are two large erect stones, perhaps rude specimens of ling-
ams. They have carvings on them, which I copied. One of the carvings I take for a kind
of sun-symbol. It was very distinct on one of the stones. On the other stone was carved
a stūpa and what appears to be a repetition of the sun-symbol.

At Pangi, I met Mr. Bruske and his wife, who were encamped there. I spent a few
pleasant hours with them, and received much valuable information from them.

We spent the night of the 29th and the 30th June at Rarang. In the evening, we
visited the Lamaist temple, which is built somewhat in the style of the wooden hill