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His son was Hbroñ(L MS.: Hgroñ)-sñan-lde-ru.

NOTE
In the Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzañ, p. 150, his name is spelt Hbro-gñan-ldeh.

His son was Stag-ri-sñan-gzigs. During the lifetime of this king mdzos and
mules originated from cross-breeding. The prices of goods were determined, and
the grass of the hills was plaited in bundles. Such like things were done.

NOTE
In the Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzañ, p. 150, the name of this king is spelt Stag-ri-gñan-gzigs.

His son was Gnam-ri-sroñ-btsan. During the time of this king there came from
China [the arts] of medicine and divination. The King of Gña-zur and others who
dwelt in the west of India and Gru-gu were subdued. In the north salt was found.
A castle called Khri-brtsegs-lhbum-gdugs was built.

NOTES
The name of this king is not spelt differently in the Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzañ, p. 150. As regards Gña-zur,
I do not know anything about its situation. Khri-brtsegs reminds me of Khri-rtse in Ladakh ; but I do not
venture to identify these two places. Gra-gu is probably identical with Thon-mi, situated in the vicinity of
Kamba-rdzob.

p. 31. His son was Sroñ-btsan-sgam-po. [Chinese date 600–50 A.D.] (L MS.: Sroñ-btsan-
rgam-po), an incarnation of the Bodhisatva Spyan-ras-gzigs (Avalokita). During
the lifetime of this king all the kingdoms on the frontier were united under his rule,
and every one of the little kings sent presents and letters. Although this king
issued innumerable documents signed with his seal, there were no characters
in Tibet to send replies to the letters from [various] quarters. And, as [the books
of] the famous sanctuary of his ancestor Tho-tho-ri-shen-béal remained a mystery,
[since they were written] in Indian characters, he thought, 'We must translate them
so as to be in Tibetan writing.' Therefore he sent Thon-mi, the son of H-nu, with
a hbre (a measure) of gold, and sixteen fellow-students to Kashmir to learn the
characters. They learned the characters from the Brahman Li-byin; Pandit Sen-
ge-sgra (Simhanāda) taught them (L MS.: Pandit Sen-ge taught them the language).
Bringing them into agreement with the Tibetan language, they made twenty-four
Gsal-byed [consonants] and six Rins, [altogether] thirty [characters]. Besides,
they made them to agree in form with the Nagara characters of Kashmir.
Then, when Thon-mi arrived in Tibet, he met with the king, who was in the
garden of his wife 'U-ru. The king said: 'Have you learnt the letters and the
language? Then you may offer praise to Spyan-ras-gzigs (Avalokita)!' Thereupon
Thon-mi wrote down the śo-lo-ka (śloka):—