国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

(or Nāpas). As to the three lakes, the maps mention two lakes only, but there is a possibility that the Kailāsa counts as one and with the two lakes makes up three separate places. Dge-hdun-gyi-sde (place of the priesthood), the same as Dgon-sde, monastery. Sgrub-pa-mdzad-pa, those who exert themselves to obtain Sgrub-pa (siddhi).

NOTES BY THE TRANSLATOR

The king's portrait (probably) as a young man is found at Alci, where he is represented together with his father. S MS. spells his name Bla-chen, etc. He was probably a lama. He is mentioned in the Mahātmya of the Li-kyir monastery, which in its present edition, however, dates from the eighteenth century.

His son was Lha-chen-'Utpala (c. 1080–1110 A.D.). In the time of this king the united forces of Upper Ladakh and Gśam (L MS.: Sam, Lower Ladakh) invaded Ñuñ-ti. The King of Ñuñ-ti bound himself by oath, so long as [the glaciers of] Ti-se (Kailāsa) do not melt away, nor the lake Ma-pham (L MS.: Mañ, Manasarovar) dry up, to pay tribute or dues [to the King of Ladakh], viz. mdzos, iron, etc. This treaty has remained in force till this day. He also subjected Blo-bo (L MS.: Lho-bo) [and the country] from Pu-hrañs (L MS.: Pu-rañs) downwards hither; in the south the country of Bre-srañ to [the lake] Chu-la-me-hbar; in the west, from Ra-gan-hgreñ-śiñ (L MS.: Ra-gan-hgreñ-źiñ) and Stag-khu-tshur upwards hither; in the north, from Ka-śus (S MS.: Ka-brus-phan-chod) upwards. [They all] paid an annual tribute and attended the Darbār.

NOTES BY DR. K. MARX

Ñuñ-ti, the same as Kulū (Kulūta), present capital Sultānpur (ancient capital: Makrasha, Magarsa.—F.). The lake Ma-pham (Ma-lañ) is the more easterly of the two famous lakes. Mdzo is the name of a well-known cross-breed between yak and cow. (There are no mdzos in Kulū; but, as Lahul was apparently under Kulū in those days, the Lahulis may have been ordered by their Kulū masters to send their mdzos to Ladakh.—F.) Dpya, dues, is spelt dpya only in Jäschke's dictionary; all the MSS. unanimously write spya. Zal-lta (lit. see [the king's] face) is the Tibetan expression for Darbār.

NOTES BY THE TRANSLATOR

Gśam is the ordinary name of Lower Ladakh, extending from Sa-spo-la to Lama-yuru. Ti-se (Kailāsa) is possibly a development in the pronunciation of Khri-rtse (throne-summit), which may have been the original name of the mountains. Chu-la-me-hbar is still a famous place of pilgrimage on the frontier between Nepal and Tibet. It is probably identical with Chu-bar, near Nalam, the place where Milaraspa died. Stag is a side valley, branching off near Khu-tshur. The Dard name of Khu-tshur is apparently Gu-sur. Gu-sur is claimed by the Gilgit Dards as one of their colonies. (Compare my article 'The Eighteen Songs of the Bono-na Festival', song No. vi, Ind. Ant., vol. xxxiv.) The remaining names I cannot yet identify.
King 'Utpala's conquest of Kulū is not confirmed by the chronicles of Kulū; but the Rāja-taraṅgiṇī of Jonarāja (v. 1108) is rather in favour of the statement. It says (in a somewhat obscure passage) that Zainu'l-'ābidin found Kulū in 1428 A.D. occupied by Tibetans. 'The Treaty with Kulū has remained in force to the present day,' probably meaning that it remained in force to the reign of King Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal, when the Biography of Señ-ge-rnam-rgyal was compiled. After the battle of Bab-sgo, 1647 A.D., the treaty with Kulū was apparently exchanged for a trade contract (see Minor Chronicles).

p. 36. His son was Lha-chen-Nag-lug (c. 1110–40 A.D.). This king built in the tiger-year the palace at Wan-la and in the dragon-year Kha-la-rtse (L MS.: the castle of Kha-la-tse).