National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

deign to bestow even a glance at them. So they went on to Slel. On the morrow the
king gave command : 'At to-day's Darbār, whosoever attends, be it ascetic, or Bhe-da
(L MS. : Bhe-da-pha), or Mon, or Ti-śi, he shall not be refused admittance.' Now,
when the two ascetics came into his presence, the king rose and went to meet them.
p. 37. The two ascetics made over the present, and the king was delighted with it. Taking
the precious law of Buddha for his guide, he built the lamasery of Dpe-thub, though
in reality he did not build it, but it came into existence by a miracle. Having built it,
he caused many brotherhoods of lamas to settle [in the country].

NOTES BY DR. K. MARX

The 'red college' built by this king is probably the one on the Rnam-rgyal-rtse-mo hill at Leh.
In that temple there is a statue of Maitreya, the head of which reaches through the ceiling of the first
storey. But the statues of Mañju-ghosha and Vajra-pāni, which are said to have been on the right and
left, are no longer there (although there are traces of the pedestal of at least one of them.—F.). The
'preserver of the universe' is probably Maitreya. Mtho-glin, pronounced Tholding, on the Upper Sutlej.
Map of Turkestan: Totlingmat, where mat (smad) = 'the lower', i.e. 'lower part of the city'. The Śam-bha-
la-pahi-lam-yig contains a reference to this temple: 'It was built by Rin-chen-bzañ-po (c. 1000 A.D.). The
Hor (Turks?) burnt it down; but at some later date it was rebuilt, and now, in its lowest compartment,
it contains the Dhāraṇīs.' Adolf von Schlagintwei (and Captain Rawling) visited it. (The temple in
Ladakh, built on its model, has not yet been discovered.) But there is in the middle of the old town of
Leh a temple, called 'the old Byams-pa (Maitreya) monastery', which is reported to have been built
by King Lhum-lde. In its present condition, however, it does not look like a triple temple. The
mchod-rten called Telju-bkra-śis-bod-bphro, 'brilliant good fortune,' still exists, though in a dilapidated
condition, about 2 miles up the Leh Valley from the British Joint Commissioner's compound. The
monastery below the crag resembling an elephant is also still extant at the suburb of Leh called Dgar-ba
(Skara). It is now called Glaṅ-chen-dgon-pa, 'Elephant Monastery.' Dpe-thub, lamasery and village, on the
River Indus, 5 miles south-west of Leh. The lamas belong to the Dge-blan-pa order of lamas. The lamasery
has an incarnated Sku-śog. It is vulgarly called Spi-thug (Survey map: Tokzay), Saṅ-kar (a Leh suburb), Li-kyir, Ri-rdzon,
Dge-ldan-pa order in Ladakh are Khrig-rtse (Survey map: Pittuk). Other lamaseries of the
and many small ones. N.B.—Although the order primarily refers to the lamas, yet every family or house
(groṅ-pa) in the country is affiliated from time immemorial to one or other of the lamaseries, and hence is
attached to the respective order of lamas as a kind of lay dependency, and worships the same tutelary deity (Yi-dam).
Gzuṅs-kbum-chen-mo means 'the great 100,000 Dhāraṇīs'. Dkon-mchog-brtsegs-pa is the Ratna-kūṭa
Sūtra and Laṅ-kar-gśegs-pa is the Laṅkāvatāra. Blo-bzaṅ-grags-pa is the spiritual name of the great
reformer Tsoṅ-kha-pa. The expression dpes-nas probably means that King Lhum-lde adopted the reformed
doctrines of Tsoṅ-kha-pa.

Rgya-ma-phyag-rjes-su means 'for the sake of his reputation with posterity'. German Nachruhm!
Sku-gsuṅ-thugs, 'body, word, and spirit,' or in the common parlance lus-ñag-yid, and mystically expressed
by the formula oṁ ā hūṁ, have each their own special rten, or symbols: skuhi-rten, 'the image'; gsuṅ-gi-
rten, 'the scriptures'; thugs-kyi-rten, 'the mchod-rten.' They represent a kind of triad, corresponding to the
'three holies', dkon-mchog-gsum, i.e. the Buddha, the Law, and the Order of Monks (cf. Sir M. Monier Williams,
Buddhism, ed. 2, p. 175). But, just as dkon-mchog-gsum is not without some underlying idea of a Supreme
Being, ruling over all, there may be some other more obscure and deeper meaning embodied in these symbols.
Tshe-dpag-med, 'time without measure,' 'eternity,' an epithet of Gautama Buddha. (It is Amitāyus, or
Amitābha, F., and the book indicated is the Amitāyur-nāma-dhāraṇī.) Bhe-da, professional musicians of low
caste, Muhammadans, of Balti extraction. They, as well as the other low-caste inhabitants of Ladakh, now
may possess fields and houses. Mon, joiners and carpenters by profession, also of low caste, though not
quite so low as the Bhe-da. They probably are remnants of the tribes of aborigines which at one time
occupied the hill districts of the Himalayas. Though Buddhists, the zamindars keep apart from them, and
any zamindar who would marry a Mon maiden would by doing so lose his caste. Ti-śi, another low caste,
shoemakers by profession. They also are Buddhists.