国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

Gar-ža brook. As an offering of the chief Khra-rig [were given] three houses with
fields, together with the lower monastery of Sa-ni. And as an offering of the
powerful king of 'Upper Mar-yul' (Ladakh) were given to Byan-sems the
Ses-roṅ valley of Ru-sod (Rubshu); the region around the Ra-bo mchod-rten;
Nag-tshur, Tshva-ka, the gorge of the Rkyan-chu brook, these three; and the region up
to Sel-ma-ni-can-hgo. As an offering of the king of Ñun-ti (Kulū) were given the region
up to the Chos-sku-tse monastery; Zo-gliṅ on the narrow road; Gye-mur; Hgre-
gri-mos (?); and the upper and lower part of the Zi-bde valley.
When Druṅ-pa-Saṅs-rgyas-blo-gros was in charge of the Dkar-śa monasteries,
he committed some fault and was turned out by the people of Dkar-śa. Then
Druṅ-ya(pa ?)-Tshaṅ-stan-pa, king Tshe-riṅ-dpal-lde, and the minister Rgyal-mtshan
showed some kindness to him and brought him to Pi-pi-tiṅ. After he had remained
[there] for eleven years, the Druṅ-pa died. Then, according to the late Druṅ-pa-Tshaṅ-
bstan-pa's desire, seven fields, large and small, were given to Druṅ-pa-Tshaṅ-rab-bstan
for his sustenance. And, as an offering of king Be-to of Gyi-char, [the following estates]
were given :—of Gyi-char Mkhar-snaṅ-pa, of Bcaḥ-ba the estate of Srod-ma and the
estate of Blo-bzaṅ-tshe-riṅ, these three.
This is a compilation (or extract) from the Bo-yig of Phug-thal.

NOTES

The chronicle was probably compiled a short time before the old line of vassal kings of Zaṅs-dkar came to an
end. In c. 1620-40 A.D. a younger brother of the king of Leh, Bde-mchog-rnam-rgyal, was made vassal king
of Zaṅs-dkar. As, however, the use of rifles is mentioned during the reign of king Tshaṅ-rgyal-po, who is the
most prominent figure of the chronicle, this king cannot have lived many years before 1600 A.D.
The pedigree which can be constructed on the basis of the chronicle consists of four generations only. The
first king is purely legendary. Two more royal names which occur at the end, viz. Tshe-riṅ-dpal-lde and
Sag-lde, cannot be located with certainty, as the degree of relationship to the other members of the
pedigree is not stated. But Tshaṅ-rgyal-pa, as a contemporary of Mirzā Haidar, must have lived c. 1532 A.D.
The first part of the chronicle is of great interest, as it contains the popular traditions of the Zaṅs-dkar
people with regard to the origin and early times of their country and nation, as they were current in c. 1550 A.D.
Ge-sar (or Ke-sar) is the supposed creator of Zaṅs-dkar. The brief notes of the chronicle with regard to that
event remind us of the story of the creation of the world, as we find it in the Kesar-saga (see my publication
'A Lower Ladakhi Version of the Kesar Saga', Bibliotheca Indica, No. 1134, pp. 17, 18). In the Kesar-saga
we read that Doṅ-gsun-mi-la-sñon-mo, Kesar's prototype, killed an ogre and formed the land of Gliṅ (the earth)
out of its various parts; the castle of Gliṅ out of its head, the Gro-ma plain out of its stomach, the rock Rgyab-
rten out of its kidneys, etc. In a similar way here Ge-sar breaks the earth to pieces, and the female ogre, the
personification of the earth, falls on her back. Then he erects the most ancient monasteries of the country on the
head, the stomach, and the feet of the ogre.
It is very interesting that the Ka-ni-ka and Sa-ni monasteries are mentioned first of all, as the oldest
monasteries of Zaṅs-dkar. Kanika is the Tibetan form of the name Kanishka, the great Kushana king of
Kashmir and Northern India. This monastery was possibly erected during the reign of that king. This
supposition is strengthened by another note in the chronicle, where it is stated that Zaṅs-dkar was under Kashmir
before it was seized by the Kham-pas (Tibetans).
In the following paragraph we hear of the conquest of Zaṅs-dkar by a tribe of Kham-pas. The word Kham-pa
originally stands for 'inhabitants of Khams', an eastern province of Tibet. But in Ladakh it is used for any
Tibetan who comes from a district east of the Manasarowar lake. I believe, therefore, that the conquest of