国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

and he introduced the handicrafts and many kinds of work. In his time the life
of men was 80,000 years. From a swelling on Spyi-bo-skyes' (Mūrdhaja's) right
shoulder a boy was born. He was called Mdzes-pa (Cāru). He turned the golden
wheel and reigned over the four continents. From a swelling on Mdzes-pa's left
shoulder a boy was born. He was called Ñe-mdzes (Upacāru): he turned the silver
wheel and reigned over three continents. From a swelling formed on Ñe-mdzes'
right thigh a boy was born. He was called Mdzes-can (Cārumant): he turned the
copper wheel and reigned over two continents. From a swelling on Mdzes-
can's left thigh a boy was born. He received the name Mdzes-ldan (Cāruka):
he turned the iron wheel and reigned over one continent. In his time a life was
70,000 years. These kings are called the five wheel-turning kings.

Mdzes-ldan's son was Rgyal-byed (Jaya?); his son was Mdzes-dgah (Cārunanda?);
his son was Mi-sred-pa (Aruci?); his son was Btañ-bzuñ (Mucilinda). During his reign
a life was 60,000 years, and the propitious measures of time originated then. During King
Btañ-bzuñ's reign Buddha Ḥkhor-ba-hjig (Krakucchanda) came to teach. Btañ-bzuñ's
son was Lus-stobs-gser-thub. 9,000 generations after him, during the reign of King
Rgyal-byed-chen-po (Mahājaya), Buddha Gtsug-tor-can (Śikhin) came to teach.
Then, 1,000,200 generations after him, a king called Me-sde-ldan appeared. The
100,000 royal families which originated from his eight sons and grandsons reigned
over many various kingdoms. During their time a life was 40,000 years. Buddha
Thams-cad-skyobs (Viśvabhū) came to teach. 7,000 generations after them a king
called Bzod-pa-bkab (Durdharsa?) appeared. During his reign a life was 30,000 years.
Buddha Log-par-dad-sel (!) came to teach. He preached the Chos-spyod-rgyud (Dharma-
caryā-tantra?). 160,000 generations after him King Glañ-chen-spyi appeared. During
his time a life was 20,000 years. At the same time the perfect Buddha Gser-thub
(Kanakamuni) came. 150,000 generations after him a king called Kri-kri (Kṛkin?)
appeared. A life attained 15,000 years. Buddha Ḥod-sruñ (Kāśyapa) came to teach.
He preached the Chos-rnal-ḥbyor-rgyud (Dharma-yoga-tantra). Kri-kri's son was Legs-
skyoñ (Surakṣita = Sujāta?). 100 generations after him, at Gru-bdzin (Potala), a king
called Rna-ba-can (Karṇika) appeared.

NOTES ON THIS CHAPTER

We find the same or similar subjects treated in the first chapter of Ssanang Ssetsen, in the
Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzañ (pp. 1-17), and in several Indian books which are not at my disposal. The
mythological names given in Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzañ often differ from those given here. On the whole
the above account is a compilation from several Indian works. But occasionally Tibetan ideas
are introduced. Thus, the first dynasty of gods, beginning with Nam-kyer-rgyal-po (in the time of
Hod-gsal), is probably of Bon-po origin. Nam-kyer-rgyal-po was, in my opinion, later on identified with
Indra (Śatakratu, Brgya-byin). Thus, in the Kesar-saga, Skyer-ñizoñ-sñan-po (probably the same as Nam-
kyer-rgyal-po) and Brgya-byin are identical. From the Gzer-mig (a Bon-po work) we learn that also Ye-
mkhyen, Hod-gsal, and Snan are names of Bon-po deities. The table of nations seems for the greater
part to be of Tibetan origin. It is not yet possible, however, to identify all the nations mentioned in it. As
regards (Se)-ha-za (pronounced Ghaza), which is supposed to be the same as Gar-za, Lahul, it is the
natives of Lahul themselves who claim this name as referring to their country. In a seventeenth century
document the name of the country is spelled Gya-ja. Khrom-Ge-sar-ldan-ma may refer to an ancient
line of kings of Leh. In a rather modern inscription from Dpe-thub Ladakh is called Ge-sar-