国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

ruler Dar-ma-dbyig-dur-btsan, Cog-ro(L MS.: Cog-sgro)-legs-sgra, Dabs-do-re-stags-
sha, and Hbal- (L MS.: Hbaṅs-)hkhor-źes-legs-pa, these four, being possessed by
the demons Phuṅ-bgon-nag-po, Gnam-rdehu-dkar-po, Sa-rdehu-nag-po, and Byaṅ-roṅ,
dethroned the monks. As in spite of trying to throw [the image of] the god Śākya-
muni into the water they did not succeed, they buried it in the earth. The [book] Byams-
pa-chos-kyi-hkhor-lo (Maitreya-dharma-cakra) was buried in the sand. The doors of
Bsam-yas and Hphrul-snaṅ [monasteries] in Lha-sa were closed with walls, and plaster
was laid [over them]. A letter was written that the monks should drink beer. The
distinctive mark of the monks was not kept up. Some were turned out; some fled; the
remaining ones were sent hunting with a hunting drum, bow, arrows, and dogs; and some
were made butchers. Religious ceremonies were not [again] introduced, and even the
subjects were forbidden under penalty to resent it. The [religious] customs were
thoroughly destroyed. They were hated within the borders of Mṅah-ris. At that
time a mountain of Rgya (India or China) which was under Tibetan rule collapsed.
And the great river Rma-chu-skyad (L MS.: Rma-chu-skyan) (Hoangho), which
flows from Tibet to China, flowed upwards and backwards for three days. Many
bad omens of this kind appeared. Then, after some time, Dpal-gyi-rdo-rje of Lha-luṅ,
who was meditating in the heart of Yer-pahi-Lha-ri (L MS.: Lha-ri, [the mountain]
of offerings), heard of it, and, conceiving a very deep feeling of pity for the king
(btson-po, or the monks, btsun-pa), is said to have killed him. That is the tale of
the submerging of Buddha's religion.

NOTES

This king is called Glaṅ-dar-ma-hu-dum-btsan in the Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzaṅ (p. 151), Glaṅ-dhar-ma in the
Mongolian books, and Tamo in the Thangshu. He is the last Tibetan king whose name was known to
the Chinese.

Geography.—The following local names have already been identified or mentioned:—Cog-ro, Bsam-yas,
Rgya (India or China), Lha-luṅ, Lha-ri. The Rma-chu is the same as the Rgyal-pohi-chu, the Hoangho;
Hphrul-snaṅ is, according to S. Ch. Das's dictionary, a famous temple at Lhasa, built by Sroṅ-btsan-sgam-po,
at the instance of his Napalese wife. Cog-ro-legs-sgra was mentioned under Khri-sroṅ-lde-btsan as a famous
mentioned here for the first time. We find the same name also in other documents of the same time, viz.
in a MS. excavated by Dr. M. A. Stein at Mirān, and in one of the Sheh inscriptions. The latter cannot be
dated later than 900 A.D. It proves that the name Mṅah-ris in those days included Ladakh. The words
Dabs and Hbal-hkhor may also be local names, but I do not know for certain.

Literature.—A translator called Dpal-gyi-rdo-rje of Lha-luṅ was mentioned under Sroṅ-btsan-sgam-po.
The present priest of this name is probably supposed to be an incarnation of the former. It is remarkable
that one of the heretic Brahmans, viz. Cog-ro-legs-sgra was mentioned under Khri-sroṅ-lde-btsan as a famous
translator of Buddhist books. The names of the other heretics cannot be traced elsewhere.

General notes.—Ssanang-Ssetsen tells (pp. 49–51) the famous tale of the hermit Dpal-gyi-rdo-rje, who
murdered Glaṅ-dar-ma. This hermit approached the king in a dress the outside of which was black, whilst the
inside was white. As soon as he had killed the king with his bow and arrow, he put on his dress the other
way, white outside and black inside, and escaped. The Dpag-bsam-ljon-bzaṅ gives (p. 151) tales which have
arisen from popular etymologies. There the tale of Glaṅ-dar-ma is mixed up with that of the famous Svayambhū
stūpa of Nepal, Bya-ruṅ-kha-śor, the stūpa which is supposed to contain some bones of the prehistoric Buddha
Hod-sruṅ (Kāśyapa). The asses and the cattle of Tibet were not pleased with the fact that no more adoration
was offered to them. Therefore they prayed to be reborn as a king of Tibet (Glaṅ-dar-ma means 'ox-dharma')