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occasions copies of the five divisions of the Byams-chos, and on two occasions copies of
the Brgya-[r]tog-gser-gsum. He caused the biography of Stag-tshans-ras-chen and the
Mgur-khum to be copied in gold, silver, and copper. He caused many hundred million
of mani formulas to be recited, and for them offered many sacrifices of a hundred or
a thousand each. Besides he built the Stag-sna [and other monasteries], although in
reality he did not build them, but they came into existence by a miracle. He intro-
duced the teaching of the Bsgrub-rgyud. During the time of this king, 'Adam-mkhan,
the king of Sbal-ti, having brought in the army of Pad-cha-Sa-hjan, they fought many
battles at Mkhar-bu, and, many Hor (Mughal soldiers) being killed, a complete victory
was gained over the enemy. An army being sent against Gu-ge, its chief and owner
was deposed, and Rtsa-bran of Gu-ge, as well as [the] Los-lon (the really blind one),
were seized. The 'An-pa (chief?) of Ru-thog was also deposed, and Ru-thog was seized.
[Then] war was made against Dbus-Gtsan, and Si-ri as well as Kyar-Kyar were made
p. 41. tributary. The King of Dbus-Gtsan, Sde-pa-gtsan-pa, presented many mule-loads of
gold, silver, and tea; and after [Sen-ge-rnam-rgyal] had paid his respects (?) he went
home together with the army of Ladakh. He also brought Lho-mo-sdan into his
power. He reigned from Bu-ran, Gu-ge, Zans-dkar, Spyi-ti, and Bu-rig, as far as the
Mar-yum pass in the east. Ru-thog and the districts as far as the gold-mines were
brought under his sway, and La-dvags spread and flourished.

NOTES BY DR. K. MARX

Ru-iod, an upland district (about 15,000 feet elevation) between Ladakh and Lahul and Spiti, usually
called Rupshu (Drew) or Rukshu (Survey map). The present 'queen' of Ladakh is also a Rupshu princess.
Bab-sgo, village on the River Indus, about 18 miles west of Leh (Survey map: Bazgo). The temple and
image (the so-called Se-ljas monastery) still remain, whilst the palace is in ruins. The place is well worth
a visit. Khrag-khrug is a Dge-ldan-pa lamasery at Lhasa. Bkra-sis-sgan, in Tibet, about two marches from
the frontier, on the River Indus (map of Turkestan: Tashigong). He-mi, famous lamasery in Ladakh
(Survey map: Himis), about 18 miles S.S.E. of Leh. The Himis fair in summer is the chief attraction to
sight-seers in Ladakh. This lamasery is at present still the greatest landowner in Ladakh, and its steward one
of the most influential persons in the country. The lamas are of the Hbrug-pa order of the 'red' persuasion.
Theg-mchog of Lee-hbre is a sister lamasery to He-mi, north of the Indus (vulg. Chemre; Survey map:
Chimray). Byan-Nam-rios; Northern Nam-rios: the word Byan has probably come to be a compound part
of the name. Si-ri-dkar-mo, name of a small lamasery on a rock on the right bank of the River Charta-
Sangpo (map of Turkestan). The difficulty of crossing the river may to some extent account for the defeat of
the Ladakh army (cf. Koeppen, ii, p. 146, n. 1). Rgod-yul is the name of the Hanle (Wam-le) district
Kha-nag (Drew's map: Kharnak; Survey map: Khanuk; vulg. Kharnak), a valley in Zans-dkar. Gtsan,
abridged from Gtsan-kha, a valley near He-mi. Dmar, abridged from Dmar-rise-lan (Drew: Marchalong;
Survey map: Marsahing), near He-mi. Of the combination Skyu-dmar-nan: Skyu=Skew or Skio (Survey
map) in the valley of Dmar-kha in Zans-dkar; Dmar stands for Dmar-kha (Drew and Survey: Markha);
Nan, probably a hamlet in the same valley. Me-ru (Survey map: Miru), on the Rgya River, one march south
of He-mi. Dar-rise? (A village called Dar-rtse is found in the upper part of the Bhaga Valley, Lahul.—F.)
The Sle-chen-dpal-mkhar is the palace of Leh, a conspicuous building immediately above the city. (A picture
is given in Cunningham's Ladak, where there is also another of the Wam-le (Hanle) monastery.)
Grub-thob, Siddha, according to Sir Monier Williams (Buddhism, ed. 2, p. 536), seems to denote the degree
next to and below Arhatship. This passage, however, properly refers to Jainism. The word occurs again in the
text four lines further down, where the eighty Grub-thob are mentioned. The only 'eighty' referred to anywhere
in Buddhistic literature are, I believe, the 'eighty great disciples', Mahā-śrāvakas. They, indeed, were not