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| 0112 |
The Pulse of Asia : vol.1 |
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apparently in origin also, the valley lakes of the Pangong
series are of the same type as the famous lakes of Switzer-
land, the lochs of Scotland, and the fiords of Norway.
Many geologists believe that such lakes and fiords are due
to the work of glaciers. The streams of ice are supposed to
deepen and broaden certain parts of their channels more
rapidly than other parts. Thus relative depressions are
formed, which are converted into lakes when the ice re-
tires. Other geologists hold that this is impossible; for, if
it were so, there surely would be similar lakes among the
intensely glaciated regions of the Himalayas. The discovery
there that one such lake lies in a valley formerly occupied
by a huge glacier detracts from the force of the objection.
Apparently, the number is not larger because, as I saw in
the Shyok valley and one or two other cases, most of the
streams flow at right angles to the mountains, and have
such steep grades that, in spite of the deep erosion of the
glaciers, the streams have been able with equal rapidity
to cut gorges through the relative elevations in the valley
bottoms, which would otherwise cause lakes to accumu-
late above them. The Pangong valley, on the other hand,
runs parallel to the mountain ranges, and has a gentle
grade, so that the cutting power of its stream has always
been less than that of the transverse streams.
The most important geographic feature of Pangong, so
far as human relations are concerned, is the evidence
which it affords of recent climatic changes. Old beaches
and lake deposits indicate that after the great changes in
climate which gave rise to the glaciers that scoured out the
basin now occupied by the lakes, there were other changes
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