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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
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The Pulse of Asia : vol.1 |
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Mr. Sokovu, did everything possible to facilitate my jour-
ney. I cannot speak too gratefully of the great courtesy
with which I was everywhere treated by Russian officials.
Eight days of rough riding in a post-wagon brought me to
Omsk on the Irtysh River. There, with a crowd of friendly
officers returning from the Japanese war, I took the train
for Moscow, where I arrived the 24th of April, 1906.
To resume the description of Turfan, the chief physical
features of the basin will be readily understood from an
examination of the accompanying map and cross-section,
(page 307). On the north, the dark Bogdo range, numbered
1 in the cut, the northeastern end of the Tian Shan pla-
teau, rises to a height of from 12,000 to 14,000 feet, and
forms the source of the chief streams. Its base is buried
in a typical piedmont deposit of sloping gravel (2), like a
beach ten or fifteen miles wide, in which practically all the
streams from the mountains disappear except in time of
flood. If the gravel, as followed from the mountains toward
the playa, merged into the finer deposits of the basin floor
as it does in the Lop basin, most of the water would never
reappear, except perhaps in the form of a zone of vegeta-
tion, and Turfan would be almost uninhabitable. Fortu-
nately for man, a geological fault or dislocation, A–B in
the section, has taken place in the basin during very recent
times along a line running roughly east and west parallel
to the Bogdo range, and about thirty miles south of its crest.
On the north side of the fault, a part of the earth's crust has
been pushed up, and forms a little range (3) with a south-
ward facing scarp of bright red sandstone. The redness of
the range has given rise to the name "Fire Mountains"
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and
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