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| 0414 |
The Pulse of Asia : vol.1 |
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out entering it, but if it did, the Ust-Urt plateau to the west
would force the river so far to the south that it would inev-
itably join the Oxus two or three hundred miles from the
present shore of the Caspian. Therefore under present con-
ditions the Oxus and Jaxartes could not possibly enter the
Caspian Sea by separate mouths. If, however, the Caspian
were to expand so as to coalesce with the Sea of Aral, or to
be separated from it only by a short sound or river, the two
seas might be regarded as one, and the conditions would
agree with the description of Patroclus. The absence of any
distinct mention of the Sea of Aral by either Greeks, Chi-
nese, or Persians down to the time of Menander of Constan-
tinople, A. D. 590, suggests either that no such lake existed,
which is extremely improbable, or that it was regarded as a
part of the expanded Caspian.
The reports of Aristobulus and Patroclus have been dis-
credited because these men, or some others of Alexander's
followers, confused the Paropamisus mountains of Afghan-
istan with the Caucasus range; and, finding the name of
Don or Tanis attached to the Jaxartes, supposed it to be
the Don or Danube of Europe. Opinion is divided as to
how fundamental their geographical errors may have been.
They were probably wrong in saying that the Caspian Sea
was a gulf of the northern ocean symmetrical with the Per-
sian gulf on the south, and, like it, separated from the main
ocean by a narrow strait. Their mistake, however, is not
so great as it appears at first sight. Humboldt, Wood, and
others have favored the hypothesis that in ancient, perhaps
prehistoric times, the Caspian and Aral seas formed a
single body of water, which discharged to the north. The
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