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| 0416 |
The Pulse of Asia : vol.1 |
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dentally. All the others appear to have accepted the Alex-
andrine accounts as superseding those of Herodotus and
Aristotle. As no one visited the northern coasts of the Cas-
pian, there was no means of ascertaining the error. Never-
theless, the later geographers add materially to our know-
ledge of the shape and size of the sea. Pomponius Mela,
A. D. 40, says that it has three main parts, the Caspian gulf
to the north, the Hyrcanian to the south, and the Scythian
to the east. Pliny, writing in A. D. 69, confirms this. A glance
at the map accompanying this chapter shows that the Cas-
pian and Hyrcanian gulfs are easily recognizable. In regard
to the Scythian gulf, there is some question. The bay of
Kara-Bugas is the only modern feature which could answer
to it. It is possible that, although this bay is very small com-
pared to the Caspian and Hyrcanian gulfs of Pomponius,
it may nevertheless be his Scythian gulf. It should be noted,
however, that the bay of Kara-Bugas does not now lie upon
a trade route of any importance, and apparently never has
done so. Therefore it is not probable that the Greeks and
Romans knew much about it. If the Caspian stood a hun-
dred or more feet higher than it now does, the size of Kara-
Bugas would not be appreciably changed, since its shores
are high. A new and larger gulf, however, would come into
existence south of Krasnovodsk, as is shown by the shaded
area on the map. The great trade route from the East to the
West must have traversed this gulf if it existed, for it lies
between the mouths of the Oxus and Cyrus rivers. The
Greeks and Romans would surely have known of it. In
view of the other evidence as to the former expansion of the
sea, it seems probable that this is the true Scythian gulf.
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