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| 0432 |
The Pulse of Asia : vol.1 |
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temporary materials. One shows a bifurcation of the Oxus;
another shows the river as entering the Sea of Aral; and a
third as entering the Caspian. The majority show an en-
larged Caspian and no Aral. Humboldt says of them: "The
maps of the Middle Ages, of which I have made a particu-
lar study, seem to indicate that the Scythian gulf of the
Caspian [was] much more extended to the east than in our
day, [and] has by mistake been made to include all the lake
of Aral."
To sum up our conclusions as to the Caspian during the
Middle Ages, there can be little doubt that the level of the
sea has been influenced by changes in the course of the Oxus
River. On the whole, however, the fluctuations of the lake
do not correspond to the variations of the course of the river;
and the influence of the Oxus appears to have been of minor
importance compared to that of some other factor. At most,
only a part of its water ever seems to have reached the
Caspian, and even that for only a few centuries, from about
1200 to 1550 A. D. at the outside, during the time desig-
nated as the "Oxus Period" in the diagram. It is probable,
moreover, that the Oxus never flowed permanently to the
Caspian, but intermittently for a few score years at a time.
As early as 920 A. D., the sea had attained a high level, but
it was not till three centuries later that the Oxus was first
diverted to it. Again, the last notable contribution of the
river to the sea had come to an end before 1550, but the
sea remained at a high level till at least 1638. Thus it
appears that the mediæval high stand of the Caspian was
not due to the diversion of the Oxus, but to some other
cause, and that cause appears to have been climatic.
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