国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0435 |
The Pulse of Asia : vol.1 |
| アジアの鼓動 : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
during antiquity. It is hard to reconcile the two sets of facts,
but it may be that climate is more changeable than has been
supposed, and that since the dawn of history man has passed
through more than one change between colder and warmer,
or moister and drier conditions. If this has been the case,
the course of history must have been deeply affected by
geographic causes as yet uninvestigated."
Now, in the light of four years' further study, it seems
probable that the canals were built during the first historic
inter-fluvial epoch, probably between 300 and 800 A. D.
If the climate were then so warm and dry as is indicated by
the low stand of the Caspian Sea, agriculture would have
been possible, and irrigation would have been necessary in
places like Son Kul, which are now too cold and wet for
either. The people who were forced out of the warm, dry
lowlands by increasing aridity would naturally betake them-
selves to available spots in the highlands. They could not
practice agriculture long at Son Kul because the succeeding
mediæval fluvial epoch caused the climatic conditions to
become unfavorable once more at a high elevation; although
at lower elevations the habitability of the country became
much greater.
A second illustration of the manner in which the climatic
hypothesis, as exemplified in the curve of the fluctuations of
the Caspian Sea, throws light on difficult problems is found
in Turkey. Two thousand miles west of Son Kul, the Ar-
menian lake of Gyoljuk, twelve miles long by two or three
wide, lies at an elevation of 4000 feet among the Taurus
mountains, between the headwaters of the Euphrates and
Tigris rivers. In 1899 and 1900, when I mapped and
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502
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