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The Pulse of Asia : vol.1 |
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Germany were plentifully stocked, supplied its inhabitants
with food and exercise. Their monstrous herds of cattle,
less remarkable indeed for their beauty than for their utility,
formed a principal object of their wealth. A small quantity
of corn was the only produce exacted from the earth; the
use of orchards or artificial meadows was unknown to the
Germans." All this, it will readily be seen, is highly consist-
ent with a climate much colder than that of to-day.
The cause assigned by Gibbon for the amelioration of
the climate of Europe is the cutting away of forests and
the opening of the land for cultivation. The same process
has popularly been supposed to account for the undoubted
change which has taken place in Palestine and northern
Africa. Meteorologists, however, agree that although for-
ests conserve rain after it has fallen, they have no appre-
ciable effect upon its amount. Having examined the me-
teorological records for various regions where forests have
been cut off, or where they have been allowed to renew them-
selves after having been removed, students find no evi-
dence that the climate has been altered. Moreover, as we
have seen in the Lop basin, desiccation has taken place over
broad areas where the trees have by no means been cut off,
but, on the contrary, have remained standing, and have died
for lack of water. The chief influence of forests appears to
be that they keep the soil in a more uniformly damp condi-
tion, which prevents floods and makes the rivers and springs
of more uniform volume. They also serve as a protection,
and keep the air within them from being suddenly heated or
cooled, thus preventing rapid changes of temperature. As
to the relation of forests to changes of climate, the fact seems
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