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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
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The heart of a continent : vol.1 |
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people lived in holes underground. I never quite believed
it, but to-day I found it was a real fact. Here in the inn yard
is a narrow flight of steps leading underground. I went down
them, and found a room with a kang, and a Chinaman lying
on it smoking opium. It was perfectly cool below there,
and there was no musty smell, for the soil is extremely dry.
The room was well ventilated by means of a hole leading up
through the roof.
Turfan consists of two distinct towns, both walled—the
Chinese and the Turk, the latter situated about a mile west
of the former. The Turk town is the most populous, having
probably twelve or fifteen thousand inhabitants, while the
Chinese town has not more than five thousand at the outside.
The town is about eight hundred yards square. As usual,
there are four gateways—N., S., E., and W. These are of solid
brickwork, with massive wooden doors plated with iron. The
gateway is covered by a semicircular bastion. The walls
are in good repair. They are built of mud, and are about
thirty-five feet high, twenty to thirty feet thick, and loopholed
at the top. Outside the main wall is a level space fifteen yards
wide, and then a musketry wall eight feet high, and immediately
beyond it a ditch twelve feet deep and twenty feet wide.
Over the gateways are drum towers. At the corners are
small square towers, and between the corners and the gateways
are small square bastions, two to each front.
There are few shops in the Chinese town, and those not
good. Turfan is a "Ting" town. This town and its neigh-
bourhood lies at an extremely low altitude. My barometer
here read 29·48. My thermometer was broken, so that I
cannot record the temperature, but it may be taken at between
90° and 100°—say 95°. Turfan must be between two and
three hundred feet below the level of the sea.* It is very
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