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| 0139 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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from her, excepting at the time of suckling. As soon after birth as is possible, a mullah is
called in to whisper the azan into the child's ear. With a son, after 40 days, whatever hair
may have grown is removed from the head. The hair is weighed and a corresponding weight
of silver is given to the naie (barber). After this a feast is given to relatives. Until the boy
is mature, he is called Ogul Bala; similarly a girl is called Kiz Bala. He is then called Yiggit,
and the girl, Chaukan. All children are sent to school to the mullah at the age of 4 or 5.
After leaving school a boy is usually apprenticed to a trade. During the time of his
apprenticeship, he is clothed and fed by his master. When he has mastered the trade, his
parents present the master with an entire suit of clothes, and a feast is given to the trade, in
whose presence the master is clothed. The master presents the pupil on this occasion with a
set of working tools used in his particular trade, and henceforward he starts a shop of
his own.
Cradle Songs.
Over boys.
Yating Bullum, - - Sleep my babe.
Yating Bullum, - - Sleep my babe.
Khan Bulling Bullum, - A Khan you shall become.
Beg Bulling Bullum, - - A Beg most sure shall be.
Yurtunieggasi Bulling Bullum, - Broad lands possess and wealth besides my babe.
Over girls.
Khanim Pudsha, Bulling Bullum - Spouse of King and baby mine.
Aiduk Yeshnub, Bulling Bullum - Fairy moonlight! baby mine.
Yating Bullum! - Sleep my babe.
Circumcision.—This rite is considered one of the most important of the "five foundations"
of Islam, and its observance is now encouraged with a revival of the ceremonies which fell into
neglect under the Chinese. The age for its performance varies between the second and eighth
or tenth year, and the day is fixed after consulting the stars and a book of lucky days and
omens, in which every day of every month has its special prognostic qualities. The operation is
performed by the barber or Sátirách (Sartarásh) in the presence of the assembled women of the
family, and neighbours and friends. The occasion is celebrated with a feast. Amongst the
wealthy it is prolonged to two or three days, with music, dancing and games, and the distribu-
tion of largess to the poor and priests. On the conclusion of the feast, the friends present eggs
and clothes for the boy, who is attended till the wound is healed by the barber. About the
tenth or twelfth day, when this occurs, the boy is bathed and dressed, the barber is dismissed
with his fee according to the means of the parents, generally two to four tanga, and the beggars
and priests are collected for a feast.
Education.—When eight or ten years old, children are sent to school. Boys and girls
together are seated closely packed on forms, of which the back of one forms the desk for the
form behind it. The boys are all on one side of the room, and the girls on the other, and
between is an alley, at the top of which is the seat of the teacher. The children are taught the
creed and prayers from books set before them, and all gabble out their lessons with constant
repetition and great volubility, and the din produced is confusing. There are several of these
schools in each city, and one or more in all the market-towns of the rural settlements. The school,
or maktab, is a low, ill-ventilated room, generally under the upper story of some private house,
which is conveniently situated near a crowded thoroughfare, and some of them are amongst
the shops in the bazar. Girls older than ten or twelve years don't attend, but boys are not
limited to age. They are taught reading and writing, and use as text-books the Gulistan of
Sádi, and the Sikandar Nama amongst others of less reputation. The pupils are all day scholars
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714
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