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| 0157 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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pronounced worthy of the punishment of death, the offender with considerable state was
placed on a seat.
Two men of rank then supported him, taking him by the shoulders, when the executioner,
who was then termed Kanchi, approached. This man tied both arms with bandages, both
above and below the elbow, and when the large vein was discovered in each arm, it was
opened, and the offender was allowed to bleed to death, the bandages being removed. It was
a rule that at his death the two dignitaries who assisted should weep and lament him
publicly, and that they should superintend his burial. Sentence of death thus administered
was termed ulderub. If sentence short of death was awarded, what was termed yarghú was
ordered; this involved confiscation of property, and degradation from rank or title of nobility.
On common people death was inflicted either by cutting the throat with a sword, or by
bricking up the living man in a wall (burial alive).
For adultery, women were punished by cutting off the breasts and by severing the main
sinew behind the ankle. They were, however, usually imprisoned and subjected to hard labour
for smaller offences.
Men guilty of murder or of high treason (offence against the reigning Khan) were buried
up to the waist in a public manner, and an address, putting forth the offence of the culprit, was
read by the Torachi-Tora (act); after which death was inflicted by spearing, a body of
mounted troops being drawn up for the purpose. If a man was accused of murder, theft, or
other important offence and denied the charge, he was subjected to the following torture
to extract confession; boiling oil was sprinkled over his body, but chiefly over his neck and
shoulders. This torture was called Kin, other inferior punishments were kulta—scourging
with a thick short stave. Teyak.—Flogging with pomegranate branches. The pomegranate
tree is reverenced by Fire-worshippers, and this punishment would appear to have come from
their rule.
Sultan Satúk Bogra Khan introduced punishments according to the Shariat, but the old
custom of cutting the throat with the sword was retained; the custom of death by burying to
the waist and killing with a spear was altered to burial up to the waist and public stoning.
Chinese Punishments. (Theft.)—Imprisonment, but the offender had a collar of
wood known as shál placed round his neck. On the weekly bazar days the prisoner was
taken into the city to beg, when he obtained subsistence for the week. If he was chained, it
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