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| 0167 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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B.F.H. Some years later—139 B.C.—the Emperor Wooti, of the Han dynasty, sent an
Envoy to the Great Yuchi for the purpose of arranging a combined movement against
the Hiungnu, the common enemy of both. But at the time of his arrival, the Yuchi,
being pressed by the Ussun tribe, were urged forward to the invasion of Saghd, and
Tahia—the country of the Dahoe—and they carried the Chinese Envoy, Chang Kian,
along with them.
On this new ground the Yuchi gradually made good their stand, and—about
126 B.C.—having overthrown the decaying Greek Bactrian kingdom, drove out the
Saka across the Oxus and the mountains beyond into the country drained by the
Kabul river, and, establishing themselves in their place, soon spread over the pro-
vince that has since been named, after their tribal appellation, Tokháristán; which
includes Balkh, Cundúz, Hissár, Bolor, Wakhán, and Badakhshán.
The Envoy, Chang Kian, after a detention of ten years effected his release, and
returned to China after an absence of 16 years, during which he experienced a
variety of remarkable and perilous adventures, with only two survivors of the
original company of 100 with which he set out. His return was welcomed with
rejoicings, and, on account of the knowledge he had acquired of the western nations,
he was raised to high rank, and, with Hou Kiuping as General, entrusted with the
conduct of an expedition against the Hiungnu who were at that time—123-121 B.C.—
contesting the possession of the several little States from Khámil round by
Káshghar to Khutan against the Ouigour or Uyghúr who, since 200 B.C., had,
under the name of Kuisse, taken possession of the country from the direction of
Khámil.
The expedition failed, and Chang Kian was reduced from his high position to
the ranks. But during this campaign his troops first saw the golden statue of
Budha which was worshiped by the King of Hieai-to or Kartchou, and which
was destined hereafter to be the means of introducing the new faith into China.
The statue was taken and carried to the Emperor, and afterwards served as the
model for others when the doctrine of Budha gained a footing in the country, as
will be mentioned further on.
Wooti, though at first unsuccessful, prosecuted the war against the Hiungnu,
and materially checked their career. His successor, Chaouti, followed the same policy,
and finally broke their power by a singal defeat. This disaster was followed by
dissensions and anarchy amongst the tribes, whilst a plague and famine coming in
the wake of their protracted warfare completed the reduction of the turbulent
Hiungnu, who in 60 B.C. passed under subjection to the Chinese.
Y.C. They subsequently, however, rebelled and for a season recovered their former
independence, but were again subdued in 83 A.D., and, following this, the whole
country was annexed to China by—94 A.D.—the capture of Káshghar. These
successes were achieved by the celebrated soldier Panchao who from this crossed the
mountains of Bolor, attacked the Yuchi or Tokháři, killed their King, and a few
years later pushed his arms as far as the Caspian; for in 102 A.D. he sent an
expedition thus far westward under Kanyng in the vain-glorious attempt to conquer
the Roman Empire.
From this time forward till the period of the Arab conquest, the history of
this region belongs to that of the Chinese Empire.
Whilst the Chinese were thus engaged in subjugating the territory of Káshghar,
the Great Yuchi, relieved from the pressure of their old enemies, consolidated their
power in their new possessions, and during the century of their settlement in Saghd
and Táhia became a very numerous and powerful nation with their capital at
Bukhára.
N. This ancient city is said to have been built by Afrásvab on the site of a former
marsh formed by floods from the Másaf River, and the country around to have
been settled by tribes originally coming from Turkistán under a Chief named
Abrawy. He settled the country, built Bekand as his capital, and Dabosy as his
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712
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714
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