National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

means "idol temple." The city was now completely sacked and ruined, and its T.N.
population massacred and enslaved. At Atrár, which was garrisoned by fifty thousand
of Khwáhrizm Sháh's troops—he himself fled from the capital by Nishábor to Absu-
kún, where he died 22nd Zi Hijj 617 H.=1220 A.D., (Vambery)—not a soul was
left alive, the whole population being led out in batches of fifty and butchered on
the plain outside the walls.
On his return march from the Indus, Changíz sent his son Aoktáy in mid-winter
to Ghazni and Ghor, there to wipe out in the blood of the people the disaster his
troops had suffered at the hands of Jaláluddin in the fight at Parwán.
He did this so effectually during a campaign of two years, that not a trace of P.
the aboriginal Aryan stock, the Gabar or fire-worshiper of Irán, is now to be found
in the country. The only inhabitants of that mountain tract—the real Kohi Káf of
Orientals, the Paropamisus of the Greeks, the Indian Caucasus of Europeans—at the
present day, are the descendants of the army of occupation left there by him. And
though still pure Moghol in race type, and many of their customs, they know nought
of their antecedents. They have entirely lost their language before that of their
subsequent Persian rulers, and are now only known amongst their Afghan neighbours
as the poor, mean, despicable, and heretic Hazára (evidently the designation of their
original military divisional settlements), whom as being Shia it is lawful to oppress,
enslave, and sell. The remarkable persistence of the race type of these Moghols
during six hundred years is easily explained by the isolation of their position in an
inaccessible and easily defended mountain country, whose natural outlets and affinities
are more with the cognate races of the Oxus valley than with the foreign Aryan tribes
of the Kabul highlands and the basin of Kandahar. But to return to our subject.
Whilst Aoktáy was marching to Kabul on this errand, Changíz went into winter T. N.
quarters in Gabari or the Gabar country (the country of the fire-worshipers, now
known as Pakli and Swat) to wait the return of his envoys to the Emperor of
Hindustán, Sultán Sáid, at Delhi, to ask his permission for a passage to Chín through
Faráját and Kámrúd. During these three months he sent out parties in all directions
to forage the country and reduce the forts held by the Irác troops amongst the moun-
tains, whilst he spent his time in consulting the fates by burning the Shána or "Sheep
scapula," a custom still common amongst the Hazára or Moghol of the Ghazni
highlands. The omens by these were unpropitious, and his envoys, at the same
time, returning with an unfavourable reply, Changíz at once set out across the snowy
mountains, whilst it was yet winter, and, with great difficulty and loss of life made
his way by Kabul and Káshghar to Turkistán.
His route was probably across the Swát country into the Kúnar valley, where P.
Chagán Saráe, or "white hostelry," from its name attests Moghol occupation, and
thence up the Chitral valley, called also Káshkár through the easy Barogil Pass,
which is practicable for half of the year, on to the plain of Káshghár. Such at least
was the route taken by part of his army, if not by Changíz himself, who, according
to the author of the Tabcáti Nasiri (a personal actor at Tolak in the defence against
his invasion of Ghor), rejoined his camp with the heavy baggage, left at Naman
Pushta in Tokharistan, and took it on with him to Samarcand, where he spent the
spring and summer.
Here in 621 H.=1224 A.D. he held a Curulláy, and divided his conquests amongst his V.B.
sons. To Aoktay he gave the Eastern Tártár country, comprising China and Mongolia; & Y.C.
its capital was Khanbaligh=Pekin. To Batu, the son and successor of Júji, he gave
the Northern Tártár country, including Dasht Kapchak; its capital was Saray on
the Volga. To Chaghtáy he gave the middle Tártár kingdom, which comprised
Mogholistan, that is Zunghar on the north, and Káshghar on the south, Máwaránahar,
Khwahrizm, and Afghanistan: its capital was Almaligh. And to Tuli he gave
Khurisán and Iran; its capital was Tabriz.
Having thus disposed of his empire Changíz returned to his seat at Karákoram, R.S.
or Shamán Gara, and in Zi Hijj 621 H.=1225 A.D., after an absence of seven years,