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| 0219 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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Y.C. of the blood royal," by whose orders the Christian Missionaries and the Bishop of the
See were martyred at Almáligh (in 1339-40 A.D.), where presently he was ousted by
the Amír Kazghan, or Kazan, who reigned till 1346 A.D., and was the last effective
Khán of the main Chaghtay branch.
After his death in that year, the successive rulers of the Chaghtáy úlús were
mere puppets in the hands of the Amírs, or Provincial Military Governors, who set up
and knocked down much at their pleasure, till the time of Tymúr. And even he at
the height of his power maintained a titular successor to the Chaghtáy throne. The
last of these, Sultán Muhammad Khán, died on active service in Tymúr's Anatolia
campaign in 1403 A.D.
T.R. The first of these rulers of the Chaghtáy úlús, or Moghol Khans, as they are
called, was Toghlúc Tymúr, who was set on the throne in succession to the Amír
Kazghan by the Amír Bolájí of Aksú. His history, as given in the Táríkhí Rashídí,
a history of the Moghol Khans, written by Mirza Hyder in Kashmír, 952H=1544A.D.,
may be thus summarized.
Toghlúc Tymúr Khán was the son of Eshán Bogbá, the son of Dava, the son of
Búrác, the son of Kará Bisú, the son of Mangú, the son of Chaghtáy, the son of
Changíz. Eshán Boghá had many wives. Of these Sátelmish Kháton was the
chief, but she was barren. He went on an expedition into Máwaránahar, and left
her in charge of his other wives. According to the ancient custom of the country
the chief wife, in the absence of her husband, had supreme control of his other
wives, and power to dispose of them as she pleased. Sátelmish now found one of
Eshán Boghá's wives, Minílik Kháton by name, was pregnant, and, becoming
jealous, gave her away in marriage to a noble, named Sharáol Dukhtoy.
On his return home Eshán Boghá was grieved to learn this, and soon after died,
leaving no successor to the Government. The Moghol tribes consequently soon
became divided by anarchy and dissension till Amír Bolájí, Doghlát, produced the
rightful heir. He sent one Tásh Tymúr—"Iron stone," with a flock of sheep for
his sustenance, to wander amongst the Moghol tribes, discover the camp of Sharáol
Dukhtoy, and find out if Minílik had borne a son. And if so, to steal and bring him
away. Tash Tymúr, after long wandering, arrived at the camp of Sharáol, when
only one blue goat of his flock of three hundred remained. He found that Minílik
had two sons: the one by Eshan Boghá called Toghlúc Tymúr; and the other by
Sharáol, called Anjú Malik.
He stole away Toghlúc, and joining a caravan, brought him by way of the
Múzárt, or "Glacier Pass," to his master at Aksú. In crossing the glacier his
youthful charge fell into a crevasse, and was extricated from his perilous position in
the bottom of the chasm by means of a ladder of ropes, through the aid of the
merchants of the caravan, headed by their leader Begjik. For his success in this
enterprise, and the circumstance of the one remaining goat when he found Toghlúc,
the adventurous Tásh Tymúr got the soubriquet of Kök Ajku=Blue goat.
Amír Bolájí was originally of an Aksú family. When Chaghtáy divided his
kingdom into military commands, he gave the Mangaláy Súbah=the "Front division"
to Aortobá, the grandfather of Bolájí. Its boundaries on the east are Kohistán
and Tábogor; on the west Sám and Jáh Cásman, which is the end of the Farghána
country; on the north Isígbkol; and on the south Cháehan and Sárigh Uighúr.
Amír Bolají succeeded to this command, and its chief cities, in his time, were
Khutan, Yárkand, Kásán, Uzkand, Andíján, Atbáshi, Kosán, and Aksú. This last
was the capital of Boláji.
Toghlúc Tymúr was sixteen years old when he arrived at Aksú, and two years
later, about 1332 A.D., Bolájí set him up as Khán; and he was so acknowledged by all
Mogholistán and most of the Chaghtáy country. He became a convert to Islám, and
the author I am quoting gives the following account in connection with the event:—
When Changíz took Bukhárá he slew most of the Musalmán clergy there, with
their High Priest Khoja Háfizuddín; but he spared Mauláná Shujáuddín Mahmúd
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