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| 0242 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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shán belonged to Káshghar, to which they had been annexed by Abábakar; whilst T. R.
the cultivated vallies to the west were held by the Uzbek. Between the two, a few
narrow glens were all that remained to a heretic king, called Sháh Rázíúddin,
Chirághkush, whom the Badakhshí had set on the throne. Amongst them in his
little fort of Zafar, Mirzá Khán, the only Musalmán in the country, led a hard and
solitary life, pinched for the bare necessaries of existence.
Sáid remained three years at Kabul, till Sháhibeg or Shaibán was killed at the
battle of Marv by Sháh Ismáil, the new King of Persia, and then accompanied Bábur
to Kundúz. Meanwhile, Syad Muhammad Mirzá, son of Muhammad Hydar (my
author's uncle), had expelled Jánibeg and secured Andiján. And he now sought the
support of Bábur, who sent Sáid and other Moghol nobles to occupy the province;
and Syad Muhammad, on being relieved of the government, was appointed úlúsbegi
of the Moghol.
Following this, Abábakar, thinking to profit by the dislocated state of affairs
across the border, invaded Andiján with twenty thousand men from Káshghar, but
was defeated at Túlúgh, two farsakh from the city, by Sáid with only fifteen
hundred men. In this interim, Sáid, having defeated the Uzbek at Hissár and
driven them out of Máwaránahar, mounted the throne at Samarcand in 917 H.=
1509-10A.D. In the spring, however, the Uzbek returned from Táshkand under
'Ubedulla Khán, who seized Bukhárá.
Bábur went out to oppose him, but was defeated at Ghajdawán, and retiring to
the capital, fled thence with his family to Hissár; and the Uzbek once more gained
the ascendancy. Sa'íd, too, at the same time advanced to check the enemy at
Táshkand, but he also was defeated, and driven back to Andiján by Súyúnj, who
overran the border districts.
On the return of Bábur, with the Persian army sent to his aid by Sháh Ismáil,
Sáid, in the spring of 918H.=1511A.D., went to seek the aid of Kásim, the Kapchák
King. But he returned unsuccessful, and when, two years later, the Uzbek with a
numberless host invaded Farghána, he quitted the country in Rabí Awwal, the spring
of 920 H.=1513A.D., and retired to Yatakand on the borders of Mogholistán. From
this he presently invaded Káshghar where Abábakar, now aged sixty years, was as
weak in authority as he was unpopular in rule.
On the approach of the invader, Abábakar, transporting the entire population
to Yárkand, destroyed the ancient fort and city of Káshghar, which from remote
times had been the capital of the country, and the residence of the kings of the
Afrásyáb dynasty.
Regarding this ancient city, Mirzá Hydar gives the following account in the
Tarikhi Rashidi:—Afrásyáb was a Turk, and is the Bocá Khán of the Moghol. He
was the son of Pash, the son of Kharshin, the son of Túr, the son of Faridún. In
later times Káshghar was the capital of Sátuk Bughra Khán, who introduced Islám.
After him it was the capital of Gorkhán, the Kará Khitáy King, who ruled over all
Máwaránahar; and of his successor Koshlúk, the Chief of the Náymán tribe of
Christians, who was killed by the troops of Changíz in Sárigh Chopán, whither he had
fled for refuge amongst the Badakhshi.
In the division of his empire, Changíz gave the countries of Mogholistán, Kará
Khitáy, Turkistán, and Máwaránahar to his son Chaghtay. And similarly, in the
distribution of his nobles, he gave to him the Doghlát tribe. Chaghtay settled them
in the Mangláy Súba from Shásh on the west to Jálish on the east, and from Isigh Kol
on the north to Sarigh Uighúr on the south. The first Doghlát who resided in the
Sárigh Uighúr region was Amír Báyzíd, and the government has descended from
father to son to Abábakar.
Káshghar formerly produced many things that are not now known in the country,
especially the furs called cácúm=otter, and sinjáb=ermine. Its limits are, on the
west, Shásh and the high mountains of Bolor, which form a chain from south to north,
where they join the range of Mogholistán; on the east, the country beyond Turfán
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