国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

the river is cold. Loud rumblings and explosions are constantly heard in the interior of the
mountain, which is very high, and whose top is always covered with snow. It is called Khán
Khurá Tágh, and forms the boundary between Yuldúz of the Kalmák and Zúnghár of the
Kirghiz and Kazzák who are also called Jattah Moghol.

Zúnghár is also called Mogholistán, and extends from this mountain along the north
slopes of Alátágh to Tashkand in the west. Khán Khurá Tágh is the western boundary of
the Yuldúz territory. It has a volcano which emits smoke and vomits up streams of pebbles
and hot mud. At the foot of the volcano is the Tolaman river which further on is called
Koksú or "Blue Water." Tolaman is four days' journey from Kurla and three from
Karáshahr; and Khán Khurá Tágh is two days' journey from Básh Ayghúr; and Tolaman is
a day's journey further north. On the top of this mountain are the remains of hundreds of
ovens which were used for the funeral feast of the Great Zúnghár Khán, Moghol, who died a
thousand years ago, and was deposited in a box on the summit of the mountain. Beyond this
mountain, to the north of Yaldúz, is the range of Boghdo Isin Ula, which is quite impassable
owing to snow and glaciers. It separates Yuldúz from the Ila country. The above is what
I learned from an intelligent native of Kúchá, which was formerly called Kúsán. The popu-
lation of this division is reckoned at 6,000 houses, including 2,000 allotted to the city and
suburbs, or at seven per house, 42,000 souls. The city itself is enclosed within fortified walls,
and contains about 800 houses, and is divided into equal parts by a wall running through the
length of the city. In the time of the Chinese one of these divisions was occupied by the Khitay
garrison, traders, and Kalmák, and the other by the Musalmans; and in the suburbs dwelt
a numerous and influential colony of Khoja priests. They took a prominent part in the
overthrow of the Chinese rule, and almost all themselves perished in the ensuing conquest of
the country by the Amír.

The people here in physique, character, and mode of life much resemble those of Aksú.
Their farmsteads are described as models of neatness and thrift, and their orchards produce the
finest apples and pears and pomegranates in the country. They are exported to all the
neighbouring cities. The pears are of a peculiar excellence, of light colour, soft granular
structure, and very juicy; for export each fruit is wrapped separately in paper, and packed in
wood boxes, covered with felt, two of which make a horse load. The apples too are of a
peculiar kind called Múzalmá or "Ice Apple;" their skins are semi-transparent, and the
substance the same as if iced. The pomegranates are of large size and have juicy, sweet,
red grains.

The rural population numbers 4,000 houses thus distributed. On the north—there is no
habitation on this side of the city; the space between it and the mountains is occupied by
patches of brushwood and reed grown swamp. On the west—Shamál Bágh 100, Daulat
Bágh 150, Kútlúgh Orda 50, Bihisht Bágh 100, Chínibágh 150, Kurol 50, Tawádin 50,
Fyzábád 200, and Sháhyár 400. On this side separating Kúchá from Aksú is a wide waste
of clay and sand hills in the hollows of which are reeds and swamps, quite impassable during
summer floods. On the south—Yuldúz Bágh 100, Ashk Sáydi 50, and Bughúr 250, on the
borders of the desert on which are the wild camel, stag, and wild pig. On the east—Uchár
30, Sáy Bágh 50, Kará Bocé 20, Yangábád 100, Uzúm 50, Mazár Bágh 150, Saksáb 20,
Ashkala 30, Tora 30, Yaka Tokonáy 60, Cholábád 20, Yángi Hissár 150, Chedir 60, Súlúk
Ashma 50, Chárehú 100, and Darwúl 80. These are situated on numerous little streams from
the mountains; the principal of them are the rivers Zamcha, Karátál, and Sháskúr. All other
settlements 1,250. Total 4,000 houses.

The limits of Kúchá are from the Múzárt and Nárin rivers on the west to Darwúl on
the east, and from the water-shed of the Khán Khurá Tágh range on the north to the Tárim
river on the south.

Kérla is the next division at the foot of the Alátágh or Khán Khurá range. It is a
small agricultural and pasture country more than half covered by swamps and reed marshes.
Its population is reckoned at 2,000 houses, or at seven per house, 14,000 souls. The capital
is an open market town of 700 houses. It is commanded by a fort built by the Amír at Sáy
Bágh on the road north-east to Karáshahr, three miles from the town. The river Kálgha, a