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| 0130 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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same perplexing Tartar features, which partake of Khitay and Manjhu, and Kalmák, and Kirghiz
semblance, yet are distinctly referable to neither one or the other. They are said to be the
offspring of Chinese troops and traders of the abovenamed and other tribes by half-caste
women of the cities. In Ila, these half-castes by a Manjhu father and Kalmák mother are
called Solon, as those by a Khitay father and Kalmák mother are called Shiba; but the terms,
though known, are not commonly used in Káshghar.
Similar to these half-castes in some respects, but strangely different in physiognomy, is
the Chálgurt, or offspring of an Uzbek father by a woman of Káshghar. The range in variety
of feature in this class is very great, and its most notable peculiarity is that it presents an
equal blending of the typical characters of the prime stocks, a point in which it differs
remarkably from the Arghun. In the Chálgurt the cast of countenance and the small round
head are decidedly Tartar features, but the full beard up to the ears is as markedly Tájik. The
explanation may possibly be found in the aberration of the Uzbek type from its parent form,
for in external appearance the Uzbek differs little from the Chálgurt he produces; and the
tendency of the latter to take after the father indicates that the superiority he has acquired by
Caucasian intermixture has, through long continuance, become innate, and formed for his tribe
a race sub-type similar to that of the Persian or the Othmanli further west. The Chálgurt class
has received an immense impetus to its growth since the conquest of the country by the Amir,
for his Andijan and Tashkand troops have taken very freely to the women of the country, and
their barracks and military lines swarm with little children, the offspring of their alliances.
Many of these children, as indeed are their mothers, are perfectly fair and rosy cheeked, and
might pass for robust English children, but for the rotundity of their features and figures.
At Yarkand I selected thirty men and nine women out of the crowd one morning
attending at the Embassy dispensary and measured their height and circumference of the
head. The former measurement was taken standing against a graduated post with the boots on,
consequently an allowance of from half an inch to an inch should be made for the thickness
of the heels. The head measurement in the men was on a shaven scalp, and in the women
over the smoothed hair; and in each by a measuring tape passed round above the ears, and
meeting in front between the supra orbital arches above the root of the nose. The results are
thus tabulated :—
Men.—Height and Circumference of head.—Thirty subjects.
Inches. Inches.
Tallest ... ... 68·40 23·0 Maximum.
Medium ... ... 64·37 21·43 Medium.
Shortest ... ... 60·20 20·40 Minimum.
Women.—Height and Circumference of head.—Nine subjects.
Inches. Inches.
Tallest ... ... 62·20 21·50 Maximum.
Medium ... ... 60·00 20·625 Medium.
Shortest ... .. 57·40 20·10 Minimum.
All the above were natives of the city and of Tartar race, and do not include any Andijani,
Kashmiri, Badakhshi, or other foreigners. In almost all the bodies were well-formed and
of square build.
The measured heights of individuals natives of other cities were these, viz. :—
A man of Kúchá, 71·60″; of Khutan, 72·10″; two men of Aksú, 71·10″ and 71·50″; two
men of Káshghar, 69·60″; and a Dolan of Taskama, 65·40″.
The urban population of the western cities, it will be gathered from the preceding
remarks, is a confused mixture of Turk and Tartar, or Moghol and Tájik, and the offspring
of their several alliances one with the other. Their appearance as a whole baffles de-
scription, because the special characteristics of the several types are incapable of general
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714
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