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| 0178 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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The new convert Tughsháda, who was appointed Bukhár-Khidát by Kutaiba, in N.
gratitude for the favour, named his first born son after his patron. This Kutaiba bin
Tughsháda was in after years executed at Samarcand by Abú Muslim, in the time of
Nasr bin Sayyár, the Viceroy of Khurásán, for apostacy and rebellion in joining the
insurrection of the Shía against the Sunni, which marked the early rivalry of these
great Muhammadan sects in the early period of their progress here. And ten years
later, Tughsháda himself, who had always been but a doubtful convert, was assassina-
ted at the instigation of the same Abú Muslim in the presence of Nasr, who was
at that time at Samarcand; and the historian records that his servants coming in cut
the flesh from the body and carried away the bones to Bukhárá. Nasr Sayyár, at
this period, subjugated Farghána, and pushed an expedition across the pass into
Káshghar, but without any more stable result than a useful reconnoissance of the
country.
Tughsháda, at the time of his death, had reigned 32 years, and was succeeded
in the government of Bukhárá by his second son, Sukán, who was assassinated in his
palace at Farakhsha by his Arab Wazír on account of his relapse to idolatry and
drunken habits. His brother, Banyát, then became Bukhár-Khidát. He joined the
rebellion of the Sufed Jamahgán="White clads," the followers of the "Veiled
Prophet" or Mucanna, in the time of the Khálif Mahdi, and was captured and
slain in his palace at Warkhshi in 166H.=782 A.D.
In that year Abúl 'Abbás was appointed Viceroy of Khurásán by the Khálif
Mahdi, the father of the famous Harún Arrashid. He held his Court at the then
capital of the province—Marv, and received many complaints of the frequent inroads
of the pagan Turk upon the Saghd and Bukhárá lands. They had recently raided
Sámdún and carried off many of its people into slavery, and a deputation of the
Chiefs consequently went to Marv to represent their grievance and seek protection.
Abúl 'Abbás consulted them as to the best means of providing against the evil, and
on the suggestion of Yazíd bin Ghorak, Malik of Saghd, who said that an ancient
Princess of the country had protected her territories from such inroads by a
great barrier wall built along the frontier, gave orders for the construction all
along the frontier of a defensive wall, with a gate and turret at every half
mile. The wall was at once commenced by Amir Muhtahid bin Hamadi, the
Governor of Bukhárá, and was finished in 215H.=830 A.D., when Amir Muham-
mad bin Mansúr was the Governor. It was maintained in repair by the labour
of the people till the time of the Amir Ismáil Sámáni, who relieved them of the
burthen, and the wall then soon fell to neglect and decay.
After the death of Banyát the government of Bukhárá fell to the hands of
successive members of the family. The last of the Bukhár-Khidát was Abú
Ishák, bin Ibráhim, bin Khálid, bin Banyát, from whom the government passed into
the hands of the Sámáni family.
The founder of this great family was a Zoroastrian of the village of Sámán,
and traced his descent from the celebrated Bahrám Chobín. He had been ousted from
the government of Balkh, and sought redress at the hands of the Viceroy of Khu-
rásán, Asad bin 'Abdulla. He restored him to the government on his professing
Islám, and the Sámáni, in proof of his sincerity and gratitude, named his first son
after his patron and friend. This Asad had four sons, viz., Núh, Ahmad, Yahyá,
and Ilyás, who all subsequently took prominent positions in the government.
When Rafí bin Laith of Sistán seized Samarcand, Hárún Arrashíd sent Harithma
bin Ayán with an army against him. He failed, however, to recover the city,
and Mámún—at this time joining Hárún in Khurásán—called on the sons of Asad
to aid his General. They in consequence intervened, and effected a settlement between
Rafí and Harithma, and thus pacified Hárún, who feared the loss of all Khurásán.
Shortly after this Hárún died at Tús=Mashhad, and Mámún succeeded as
Khálif. He appointed 'Asá bin 'Ubád Viceroy of Khurásán, and bid him provide for
the sons of Asad in reward for their good service. Accordingly Núh was made
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714
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