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| 0236 |
Report of a Mission to Yarkund in 1873 : vol.1 |
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880 H. = 1475 A.D., he gave his youngest daughter, Cutlúgh Nigár Kháním, in T.R.
marriage to Umar Shekh (another son of Abú Sáid), his friend and ally, the Gover-
nor of Andiján. She became the mother of the celebrated Bábur Bádsháh, the
Emperor of India, and founder of the Mughol dynasty there.
Yúnus and 'Umar Shekh, being friendly neighbours, often exchanged visits in
their respective dominions. On one of these occasions 'Umar sought the aid of
Yúnus to oust Ahmad from Samarcand; but he refused on account of his marriage
relations with both. Ahmad, however, being informed of the plot prepared to attack
his brother, who at once called in the aid of Yúnus, and settling him at Akhsi, thus
averted the menaced hostility.
'Umar now wished Yúnus to retire, but, as he refused, they fought, and Yúnus
capturing his son-in-law, made peace, and restored him to his government. He then
returned to Mogholistán. On this Ahmad renewed his preparations to attack 'Umar
Shekh, and he again summoned Yúnus, and settled him at Marghilán. At this
juncture Khoja Nasíruddín Ubedullah, a divine whose sanctity drew crowds to pros-
trate themselves in the dust before him, intervened and made peace between the three
belligerents—Ahmad, Umar and Yúnus, in the last of whom the arbiter, to his
surprise, instead of the uncouth, wild Moghol he expected to see, found a reverential
devotee, an elegant Chief, and polished scholar, the compeer of the learned Ulugh
Beg. He treated him with marked favour and patronage, pronounced him a good
Musalman, and, declaring his Moghol to be within the fold of the Faithful, prohibited
as unlawful the custom of enslaving them as Kafir = infidels.
In Káshghar, meanwhile, another Prince was rising into power. The widow of
Sániz, whom Dost Muhammad had taken to wife when he attacked Yárkand, became,
after his death, the wife of Hydar, the brother of her first husband. She had borne
Sániz two sons, Abábakar and Umar; and to his brother she bore two other sons,
Muhammad Husen, Gúrikén (the father of the author here quoted), and Syad
Muhammad Mirzá. This matron, Jamák Aghá, favoured her first born, Abábakar,
who was a gigantic athlete, a brave soldier, and cunning hunter. These qualities
made him very popular amongst the nobles, and his mother, deceiving Hydar as to
the character of his ambition, secretly drew away the nobles from his court to the
side of her son, and encouraged him to recover his birthright, and take the lead in
the government. Abábakar having soon collected some three thousand followers,
fled to Yárkand, and, seizing the city, set up as independent ruler in succession to
Sániz Mirzá.
His brother Umar joined him there, and they shortly set out together to annex
Khutan. On the way there, however, they quarrelled, and Abábakar, depriving his
insubordinate and ambitious brother of sight, sent him back to Hydar at Káshghar.
From this, on its fall, he went to Samarcand, but returned again after some years,
and died there in 921 H. = 1514 A.D.
Khutan at this time was in the possession of two brothers, Khán Nazr and
Cul Nazr, the hereditary descendants of Khizr Sháh, a brother of Amír Khudá-
dád, who had given the place to him in the distribution of his government amongst
his family. These two brothers, in the anarchy following on the death of Syad
Ali, became independent, and made repeated attempts to subdue both Yarkand and
Káshghar. Consequently Hydar did not now oppose Abábakar in his attempt to
reduce them. His first expedition failed, but in the second, which shortly followed it,
whilst swearing to terms on the Kuran, a scuffle ensued regarding the possession of
the book, and in the melée both brothers were seized and killed. In the midst of the
confusion Abábakar took possession of the city, and proclaimed himself King. He
was for some time following this engaged in a succession of expeditions to subjugate
the hill districts to the south and west of Khutan; and, having finally secured his
conquests in those quarters, he next turned his arms against Hydar at Káshghar.
At this time Abdul Cudús (who had killed Shekh Jamál Khar, and liberated
Yúnus, for which service he had been rewarded with the rank of Amír and title of
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