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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

M.V. In 1720 A.D. Zaban Raptan (Arabdén Khan of the Zúnghári?) restored Dányál
to the government of Alty Shahr=six cities, but appointed his own Governors in
each of them, and fixed the revenue at a hundred thousand tanga=twenty thousand
rupees, that of Afák being a thousand tanga=two hundred rupees per centum of his
subjects. He at the same time kept Chagán, the eldest son of Dányal, as a hostage
at Ila, whither Dányál repaired periodically to render account of his government.
W.W. Arabdán Khán of the Zúnghári died in 1720 A.D., and, his sons disputing the
throne, the rule was seized by the rival Chiefs, Amursana and Tawats, or Davatsi.
The usurpers quarrelled as to the division of authority, and Amursana going to Pekin
for aid returned with a Chinese army and expelled Tawats. He then rebelled against
the Chinese Emperor, and defeated two armies sent against him by Kienlung. But
he succumbed to the third, and fled to Tobolsk, where he died in 1757 A.D.
His territory then fell to Kienlung, who nearly exterminated the Zúnghári and
Olot, and then invited the Túrgút or Tourgouth emigrants from their settlements on
the Volga, and they returned to their ancient patrimony in 1772 A.D. Meanwhile
Chinese troops and colonists, with exiles and nomads soon re-peopled the country
depopulated by the massacre of half a million people during the Chinese conquest.
And the Mánchú authority was established by a system of conciliation and coercion
judiciously combined; whilst the development of the agricultural and mineral resources
of the country, and the protection afforded to commerce, soon restored prosperity.
M.V. Ghaldan Chiring on succeeding to the throne confirmed Dányál in his appoint-
ment; but after his death, to weaken the power of the Karataghlúc faction, he divided
the government of the country amongst his several sons. Thus to the eldest, Khoja
Chagán, he gave Yárkand, to Yúsuf he gave Káshghar, and similarly Aksú to Áyúb,
and Khutan to Ábdulla; with a Kalmák agent conjointly at each place.
The mother of Yúsuf was the daughter of a Kalmák Noyán="Noble," and he
spent his youth in Zúnghár by the order of the Khán Tawats. Now seeing the
dissension reigning there he got leave to go and defend Káshghar from a pretended
attack by the Kirghiz. But on arrival there in 1754 A.D. he set to work toraise an
army to free his country, at the very time that Amursana was seeking the aid of the
Boghdo Khan for the rule of the Zúnghári against his rival Davatsi.
The conduct of Yúsuf excited suspicion, and the Kalmák Governor of the city
plotted to assassinate him whilst at prayers in the mosque. The plot, however, was
disclosed to him, and Yúsuf seizing the chief actor, Khudáyár, the Ishikagha or
"Mayor," executed him. But his accomplices, a son of Khudáyár and Abdussattár
(a Beg of Artosh), escaped to Ila with the intelligence of the revolt at Káshghar.
Meanwhile at Yárkand, the Governor, Gházi Beg, seized Chagán, and Yúsuf at once
went to his aid with the cry of Islám. He at the same time sent a force of a
thousand men to Barchak to intercept the road and prevent the Kalmák carrying off
Chagán to Ila. Presently Sadie, the son of Chagán, appeared with aid from the
opposite direction. He hurried up from Khutan with seven thousand men and some
Kirghiz levies, and managed to get possession of the family of Ghazi Beg, whom he
threatened with their torture and death unless he released his father. The Governor
fearing for them, and dreading the vengeance of Yúsuf, set free his captive, and sought
forgiveness with the Kurán on his head. And he was pardoned at the intercession of
Chagán himself.
In the meantime Yúsuf had sent envoys to Khokand and Bukhérá reporting
the overthrow of the Zúnghári rule, and seeking the aid of the faithful in support
of Islám. The independence of these cities, however, of Káshghar, Yárkand, and
Khutan, was not of long duration.
In 1757 A.D., after Amursana had returned to Zúnghár with a Chinese army,
his rival, Davatsi, fled with three hundred men by the Múzárt Pass to Ush Turfán.
He was here seized by Khojám Beg, the Governor, and delivered to the Chinese
who, settling Amursana at Ila with a Chinese garrison in support, thus possessed
themselves of the rule in Zúnghár.

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