National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

Amursana now set to re-subjugate the three revolted cities, and by the advice M.V.
of Abdul Wahhab and Khoja Syad Beg, Governors on the part of the Kalmak of
Aksu and Ush Turfan respectively, and with the consent of the Chinese General,
resolved to make use of the Aktaghluc party for the purpose.
Burhanuddin and Khan Khoja, the sons of Ahmad (whose family had great
influence at Kashghar), were at this time in exile at Irin Khabirghan on the head
waters of the Ila river to the east of Ghulja. They were consequently summoned to
the city where Khan Khoja was retained as hostage, whilst his brother was sent with
a force of Kalmak, Chinese, and Turkistani to Aksu. Here Burhanuddin was well
received, and with his army reinforced by five thousand Musalmans from Kucha,
Turfan, and Aksu itself, and by the Dolan tribe to the south, set out with his new
adherents to Ush Turfan. Here, too, he received a joyful welcome, but was detained
some time owing to a coalition of the rebel States to oppose him.
The confederates were already on the march from Yarkand by way of Yangi
Hissar and Artosh to check the advance of Burhanuddin, when Yusuf died in his
retreat at Yarkand. His son, Abdulla, was at once installed as ruler at Kashghar
with the title of Khoja Padshah, and he lost no time in sending his son, Khoja
Mullan, with the Kashghar contingent to join the Yarkand force, and they together
besieged Ush Turfan.
Here the Karataghluc besiegers proposed to the besieged Aktaghluc that they
should lay aside their party jealousies and combine as Musalmans, and invade Ila.
And by way of inducement they promised Burhanuddin the government of
Kashghar, Aksu, and Turfan. But he, being surrounded by the Chinese and Kalmak,
told the deputation to advise the Karataghluc leaders to go to Ila, and seek the
pardon of the Chinese Emperor through his Viceroy there. Meantime some of the
Aktaghluc in the besieging force secretly plotted with Burhanuddin, and in the first
fight went over to him in a body with the Kirghiz whom they had won to their side.
On this the besiegers dispersed, and their leaders fled back to Kashghar, where
Burhanuddin, following in pursuit, was received with open arms. From this he
advanced against Khoja Chagan, who held Yarkand, and in the names of the Boghdo
Khan and Amursana demanded his surrender to Chinese protection. Chagan sent a
reply of defiance, and with the cry of "Islam" raised the populace for a ghaza.
Burhanuddin consequently closely besieged the city, and finally, after some skirmish-
ing in which Inayat, the son of Chagan, was killed, took it through the treachery of
Ghazi Beg, who on a pretence of famine led Chagan to make a sortie with all his
force to raise the siege.
In the sally Ghazi Beg took flight, and threw the defenders into confusion, and
the besiegers rallying drove them into the city. During the night Chagan fled with
his family, and next day Ghazi Beg surrendered the city to Burhanuddin. Chagan
was pursued and overtaken at the Zarafshan river, where Arka, a son of Yusuf, was
killed in the conflict, whilst Nazar with two attendants escaped to India. The rest
were taken back to Yarkand, and all executed. And so the Aktaghluc replaced the
Karataghluc in the government of the country. In 1758 A.D., Burhanuddin aided
by his brother, Khan Khoja, rebelled, and, consequently, in the following year a
Chinese army under the Governor of Ila invaded the country, and after a succession
of contests drove the rebel brothers to seek refuge in Badakhshan. Here the King,
Sultan Shah, killed them both, and sent their heads to the Chinese General, and
Kashghar was annexed as an integral part of the Chinese Empire under the Provin-
cial Governor of Ila. In this war four of the sons of Afak were killed in fight,
and two were taken prisoners to Pekin for execution there. Only one son of
Burhanuddin escaped. His name was Khoja Saalat Ali, commonly called Sarimsak.
The Chinese to consolidate their authority in this western province of their
Empire in 1764 A.D. built Hoi Yuan Chen on the River Ila, and re-settled Zung-
haria, which had been depopulated by the massacre of half a million people, by
Chinese emigrants and exiles from Kansuh, and with Sibo, Solon, and Daur colonists,