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| 0226 |
Archaeological Researches in Sinkiang : vol.1 |
| 新疆の考古学的調査 : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
PART IV.
THE SOUTHERN BORDER REGION OF LOP-NOR
This last part of my treatise is to deal with the finds obtained from three
ruined sites at Charchan, Vash-shahri and Miran which I visited in 1928.
They have been well known for many years. Though my collections from
there are in no way unique they are nevertheless of interest as originating from
stations on the Road of the South, the Silk Road which skirts the southern rim of the
Tarim Basin.
1. CHARCHAN.
In "Serindia" Stein gives a well presented collection of data about Charchan as
furnished by Chinese historical records, of which I give a short extract here.
In Han-time the name of the oasis was Chü-mo, and it was still occupied towards
the end of the third century A. D. It was the capital of a small kingdom. The Kha-
roshthi form Calmadana is most likely meant to reproduce the indigenous name of
Charchan. According to the Buddhist pilgrim Sun Yün it was called Tso-mo in
A. D. 519, and was then held by the T'u-yü-hun, a nomad tribe occupying the high
plateaus to the west of the Kuku-nor lake. In 640 Charchan was a part of the vast
dominion of the Western Turks. When the famous Hsüan Tsang returned from
India about 645 he found no inhabitants inside the lofty city walls of Charchan, or
Che-mo-t'o-na as he calls it; this name is apparently a reproduction of Calmadana.
The place was garrisoned again some fifteen years after the passage of Hsüan
Tsang. In the period 674—76 its name was changed to Po-hsien. It is known to
have been occupied in the beginning of the 8th century. At this time the place seems
to have been called Padaki (Clauson, p. 302). The present name first appears as
Cher-chen in a Tibetan record found in Miran. Stein suggests that this new name
is attributable to the change wrought by the T'u-yü-huns' occupation. It was partly
destroyed by the Mongols, but when in 1273—74 Marco Polo passed here, he says
that Charchan was a province of Great Turkey, and that the people worshipped
Mahomet.
Stein is of the opinion that cultivation had disappeared by the end of the 18th
century, probably for a long period earlier. Only after the first third of the last
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