国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

FIRST VOLUME.

Part I. Ancient Anau and the Oasis-world. R. Pumpelly.

PAGE.
Chapter I. Evolution of the Environment of Central-Asian Civilizations............ 3-13
Undrained Central Asia: The beginning of Central Asia................................ 3
A series of great and small landlocked basins containing residuary seas; these seas are
gages recording cyclical climatic changes. General trend toward aridity.. 5
Influence of Glacial period. Several phases of the Glacial period recorded in the high
mountains.................................................... 6
Undrained Asia contrasted with oceanic basins; river-brought detritus graded and
distributed by wind instead of water; loess.............................. 6
Characteristics of loess as an inexhaustible soil; its influence on history of China and of
Europe......................................................... 7
Richthofen's theory of origin of loess confirmed; all loess brought by wind............. 9
Expeditions of 1903 and 1904 show two sources from which wind derives the dust, viz,
1st, directly from products of deflation and of disintegration; 2d, from
alluvions or dry deltas and dry flood-plains.......................... 9
Our confirmatory observations on the Pamirs........................................ 10
Bird's-eye view of organic processes in undrained Asia............................... 10-13

Chapter II. The Forming of the Oasis of Anau..................................... 15-35
The Kurgans and Ruined City of Anau, Sites of Successive Ancient Civilizations.......... 15
They consist of slowly accumulated layers of the débris of occupation (culture-strata);
their bottoms stand 20 feet below the surface of the oasis-plain.......... 17
Exploration shafts............................................................. 19
These give determination of relative rates of growth of alluvial sediments and culture-
strata, 20-21; and of alternating growth and degradation of the alluvial
sediments......................................................... 21-23
Deformation of the kurgans by wind and water through long time. Three distinct
growths of alluvial strata with two intermediate degradations, since
founding of oldest kurgan................................................ 21-23
Shifting of watercourses on delta-oasis............................................. 24
Great height attained by city-mounds.............................................. 25
Agencies active in growth and degradation of oasis-delta............................. 26
Reciprocal sinking of plain and rising of mountains.................................. 26
Block-uplifts shown in the mountains and sinking of plains shown in artesian well at
Askhabad........................................................ 27
Unloading on mountains; loading on delta; zonal distribution of sediments on delta..... 27
The battle between desert and oasis................................................ 27
Dunes and oasis................................................................ 28
Surface conditions continue in depth, the delta alluvions dove-tailing with surrounding
dune-sands....................................................... 29
Balancing of essential factors in delta-oasis building................................. 29-30
Interpretation of observations in shafts............................................. 30
Aggrading and degrading due to climatic changes.................................... 30
Evidence of the Askhabad artesian well............................................. 31
Table showing physiographic history of the Anau delta-oasis.......................... 32
Irrigation. 12 to 15 feet of irrigation sediments..................................... 33
Those now in place not older than city of Anau..................................... 33
Irrigation now essential generally throughout the lowlands of Turkestan............... 34
Its introduction reversed the order of delta-building processes........................ 34
Rate of growth of irrigation sediments............................................. 35
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