国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

Chapter VII. Results.—Continued.
Analytical description of the finds from North and South Kurgans.—Continued.
Pottery of South Kurgan.—Continued.
Pottery from the upper strata, Culture IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145–149
Wheel-made pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146–149
Hand-made pottery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
The minor antiquities of metal, bone, clay, stone, and faience of both kurgans. . . . . . . . . . . . 149–173
Copper ornaments from middle and lower strata of North Kurgan, Culture I . . . . . . . . . 150
Copper objects from upper strata of North Kurgan, Culture II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Copper ornaments and implements from lower and middle strata of South Kurgan, Cul-
ture III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151–155
Copper from upper strata of South Kurgan, Culture IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155–157
Lead from North Kurgan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Ornaments of stone, clay, and faience (beads, etc.):
From lower and middle strata of North Kurgan, Culture I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
From upper strata of North Kurgan, Culture II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
From middle and lower strata of South Kurgan, Culture III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159, 160
From upper strata of South Kurgan, Culture IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Of uncertain position in South Kurgan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Useful objects of stone, clay, and bone from Cultures I and II, North Kurgan (whorls,
flints, mace-heads, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163–166
From Culture III, South Kurgan (whorls, flints, arrow-heads, mace-heads, sling-
stones, seals, and stamps, vessels of marble and alabaster) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166–170
From Culture IV, South Kurgan (whorls, etc.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Images of terra-cotta, Culture III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171–172
Fragments of glazed pottery in South Kurgan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Chapter VIII. Results.
Comparative summary of the four cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175–177

Chapter IX. Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179–186
Decoration of Anau pottery wholly different from old European systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
The only possible comparison would be with that of lowest strata at Susa . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Painting of pottery an essential characteristic of oldest cultures of Turkestan and Persia,
which were probably not far different in age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Comparison of Anau with ancient Europe in regard to elements of culture and social peculiarities 179
Burial in contracted position in Europe, Africa, and Palestine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Obsidian arrow-point in Culture III probably from the Caucasus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Analogies in the ornamental copper pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
The sickle in Culture III has analogous forms only in VI city of Troja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
A knife-blade in Culture III resembles one in Altai-Ural bronze age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Insufficiency of the established equations for chronological determinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
The seal with a man, a lion, and a griffin clearly from Western Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
The three-edged copper arrow-point of Culture IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Its analogies in Europe, Asia, and Egypt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183–186
Culture IV approximately between 1000 and 500 b. c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Culture III ended by 1000 b. c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Its brilliant period corresponds with flourishing period of Mycenean culture or earlier . . . . . 186
Its beginning as yet undatable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
The cultures of North Kurgan still older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Beginning of Culture I in III millennium b. c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Footnote by R. P. on the Chronology of Anau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

Chapter X. The Excavations in Ghiaur Kala (Old Merv) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187–201
General summary, description of site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Upper Digging, on the Citadel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188–192
Lower Digging and Outer Digging I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Outer Digging II and Galleries I to III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193