国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0074 |
Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.1 |
| トルキスタンの調査 1904年 : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
faintly depressed trough. This probably marks the course of the valley in which
ran the river, on the eastern bank of which the settlement at the North Kurgan
was started, and on the west side of which the South Kurgan was founded at a
very much later date.
One of the essential incidents of growth in all these oasis-deltas is the more
rapid growth of the banks of the stream than of the general surface; for the
stream, when in flood, is loaded with silt, the greater part of which is deposited
as soon as the velocity is diminished in spreading over the banks on to the
plains. On the steepest grades, on "fans" formed where mountain gorges
debouch on to steep declivities, the torrent in depositing its load of large and
small boulders builds up on each side a high and narrow dike, and maintains
only a narrow channel between these. But on the gentle grades of an oasis surface
and where the silts are less differentiated in size of grain, the resulting relative
increase of height near the stream is only slightly marked. When in the course
of time the valley of the stream is filled up by alluvial deposits during the process
of "aggrading," these embankments it has formed no longer contain it and the
waters seek a new course over the lower surface outside. Such would appear to
have been the cause of the abandonment of the South Kurgan and of the founding
of the now ruined city of Anau, a mile away to the east, on what is now the chief
watercourse of the delta.
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