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| 0109 |
Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.1 |
Captions
| [Figure] 20 |
Explanatory Diagram of Village-mound Culture-strata at Medines-habu. Thebes, Egypt. |
Citation Information
OCR Text
solid inorganic material that has been brought into the village from the beginning, has
remained there. The bed of the Nile and the surface of the plain both rise at the rate of
39 inches in 10 centuries. The mounds (culture-strata) rise more rapidly. Thus, while
the base of a mound is always being buried, the elevation of the streets and of the house-
floors of the village at the top is always increasing. The mounds consist, from top to
bottom, of the standing walls of houses and other constructions, and of earth which, in
more or less regular and compacted layers, fills the spaces which have been rooms, courts,
and streets. In this earth is contained practically all the organic matter that through the
centuries was consumed by the population, and its high content of phosphates and nitrog-
enous salts gives it great value as a fertilizer. The mounds that have been bought in
order to excavate the temples are for this reason being extensively exploited by the fellah-
een for fertilizer. Fortunately for our purpose the fertilizing quality is largely confined
to the earth instead of the walls; and the excavation of the former often leaves the walls
standing, in places down to near the level of the plain. Observation shows that the growth
of the mound is due to the combined rising of the level of the earthen floors, courts, and
streets, through slow accumulation of earth and the mutual adjustment of all these factors
to maintain a general level. The walls are continually becoming buried. When rooms
become too low, additions are made to the top of the walls and a new roof is added. The
products of wear and tear of the outer surfaces of the walls and of roofs by wind and occa-
sional rains, go, together with abundant potsherds, to raise the surface of streets and
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