国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

The distribution of the skeleton graves in the successive strata would be
determined if we could establish the floors to which they correspond. Concerning
this, however, we can form only conjectures. The height of the last-named wall
is not known, while the corresponding floor presumably lies still deeper than the
deepest point observed in the wall, the clay walls having had no special foundation
of which we can take notice. In any case this clay wall marks the oldest of the
periods with which we are concerned. The lime or ash layer lies above its floor
and must, therefore, belong to the next later period. The flat stones, if they
lie in situ, as seems to be the case, can have been laid in position only when none
of the ash layer was still visible, and they presumably correspond to the floor
of a third period. To this third period may be referred pot f. Its lip is, indeed,
not well preserved, but it can not possibly have been much higher than level
+33 feet. On the other hand, both the stones and pot f must already have been
buried when pot e, of which the lip is well preserved, was placed in position.
Pot e, therefore, belongs to a fourth period.
The question now arises: how are the skeletons to be distributed among
these layers? The highest one (γ), determines the youngest layer. When the
burial took place pot e must already have been buried in the floor and out of use;
therefore skeleton γ belongs to a fifth period, of which we have found no other
remains. The skeleton heap δ lies in the plan between the two pots e and f
and also in a vertical plan between the levels determined by these pots. There-
fore, the bodies can have been buried only after pot f was already out of use.
We must, therefore, ascribe this burial to the same people by whom pot e was
used; that is, skeleton δ belongs in the fourth period. The burial was very
shallow, being immediately under the floor, which perhaps explains the very
bad condition in which the skeleton was found. The child skeleton ε at +30
feet 2 inches may have been buried by the people who had pot f in use and who
placed the flat stones at +32.5 feet; but this, of course, is uncertain. Skeleton
ε might, however, be brought into connection with the lime or ash layer near
by if we suppose that the body, as in the case of skeleton δ, was laid immediately
under the floor. It must, therefore, remain uncertain whether skeleton ε is to
be referred to the third or the second period. This must also be the case with
skeleton ζ. This only is certain: both skeletons must be younger than the
deeper-reaching wall. We have to assume, therefore, on the basis of the finds
in question, five periods for terraces IV and V, for three or four periods of which
we have established skeleton graves.
Not only is the succession of the layers in terraces IV and V analogous to
those of terrace I, but there is also a correspondence in the character of the finds.
In the upper layers the greater part of the pottery fragments brought to light
were of the well-polished vessels of red monochrome. With these occurred rela-
tively few of the gray variety. On the other hand, there appeared in the upper
layers only isolated fragments of group γ. But with these occurred also fragments
of painted pottery of a kind not observed in terrace I, and entirely lacking in the
deeper layers of the hill, which, from its technique, appeared to belong to a later
age than the lower layers. We may call it group 2.