国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

the same may be said of a knife-like fragment, N.K. 189, from terrace I, between
+23 and +25 feet.

The deeper layers, lying below the datum-plane of the North Kurgan, have
also yielded copper. These are, however, unfortunately only fragments, and
owing to complete oxidation the form is no longer determinable. Such finds were
made in north diggings I and II, between −8 and −13 feet (N.K. 48 and 87).

FROM UPPER STRATA OF NORTH KURGAN, CULTURE II.

Pins.—Fragment N.K. 75 (fig. 244; plate 36, fig. 5), from the surface of terrace
VII, has a head in the form of a double pyramid. Pieces of a pin without a head
(N.K. 82) were found in the uppermost layers of the same terrace.

Neck-ring or torque.—It is probable that the three fragments (N.K. 4; fig.
245, plate 36, fig. 6), from terrace I, between +31 feet 5 inches and +40 feet,
belong to a copper collar made of braided double-wire.

Weapons.—The only fragment of a copper weapon was found on the surface
of terrace VII. It is a lance-point or a dagger-blade, very broad, and with a rhombic
cross-section and a flat, long tang (N.K. 83; fig. 246; plate 36, fig. 10).

Implements.—We have to thank Mr. R. W. Pumpelly for a well-preserved
punch, square in cross-section (N.K. 248; fig. 247; plate 36, fig. 8). He found
it at a height of +34 feet in the undisturbed earth of the hill, while studying
the walls of Komorof's trench.

A little copper rod with square cross-section (N.K. 93; fig. 248; plate 36,
fig. 9), from terrace I, between +31 feet 5 inches and +40 feet, should probably
be regarded rather as a punch than as a pin. The thickening at one end, which
might indicate a pin, is probably only the result of oxidation. The four-edged
shaft is, however, common to punches and chisels.

There remains doubtful the explanation of a four-edged little copper rod with
rhombic cross-section (N.K. 4; fig. 249), from terrace I, between +31 feet 5 inches and
+40 feet. This may have been for the same use as fig. 243 of the middle strata.

Indeterminable are certain formless lumps found in Komorof's trench in the
loose earth (N.K. 2), from the uppermost layers of terrace I (N.K. 3) and from
terrace 1a, between +28 and +30 feet (N.K. 34).

FROM MIDDLE AND LOWER STRATA OF SOUTH KURGAN, CULTURE III.

The objects of copper found in the South Kurgan are much more numerous
and varied than those of the northern kurgan, but they fall into the same cate-
gories—ornaments, implements, weapons, and different indeterminable objects.

Copper ornaments.—Of the pins, one with a cap-like head, found in terrace C
between +19 feet 5 inches and +21 feet 2 inches (S.K. 249; fig. 250) connects
itself with the types of the North Kurgan (cf. fig. 240). A new type is shown
in S.K. 281, 354 (figs. 251 and 252; plate 37, fig. 3). Both were found in terrace
B—the better preserved one between +19 and +21 feet, the other under the
pithos d; consequently both were in the débris deposits of the period A, to which
the large buildings belong. The round shaft of this pin splits above into two
ribbon-like outward-rolled spirals. Another fragment worthy of notice has broad