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| 0326 |
Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.1 |
| トルキスタンの調査 1904年 : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
the Homeric poets, one of them ( Il. v, 393; xi, 507) having called the bronze arrow-
heads τρηλώγην (cf. Helbig, Homer. Epos, 2d. ed., p. 341). On the other hand, this
form is still unknown in the Mycenean sphere. For us, therefore, the three-edged
arrow-point of Anau may indicate a post-Mycenean epoch. Here, too, iron
appears for the first time. Among the other finds from the upper strata of the
South Kurgan nothing is contradictory to the first half of the first millennium
B. C. We may, therefore, date the culture IV approximately 1000 to 500 B. C.
How far back we can go beyond the year 500 B. C. will doubtless appear when
the next younger culture period in the city of Anau shall have been explored.
Naturally the upper limit is equally uncertain, for we do not know whether
or not the occupation of the place continued uninterruptedly. Since the burial
of child skeletons is lacking in the upper culture-strata of the South Kurgan, we
should perhaps assume certain disturbances in the continuity of development.
In any event, the round date 1000 B. C. must be set as the terminus ante quem for
culture III, and on account of its long continuance we must imagine its brilliant
period to have been in at least the second half of the II millennium B. C. This
practically corresponds to the flourishing period of the Mycenean culture. Indeed
the engraved stone points to an earlier time. The agreements with the Ægean
sphere in this way find chronological support. How far back the beginning of
the culture reaches we have naturally at present no means of determining.
The cultures of the North Kurgan must be still older. More exact deter-
minations are not possible, since datable objects are wanting which might be
compared with the finds of other spheres. For culture II, however, we obtain
approximately the first half of the second millennium B. C.; and for the oldest
culture (I) 2000 B. C. as a rough date will certainly not be too high. We will have
to imagine the beginnings of the settlement of Anau as having taken place in the
III millennium B. C.
Generally speaking, therefore, the absolute chronology of the four culture
epochs of prehistoric Anau stands still on a very weak basis; but the finds hitherto
made lead us to expect still better data for its further consideration.*
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