National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

CONTENTS.   XV

PAGE.

   CHAPTER XVIII 355-399

   Artiodactyla 355-358

The pig of Anau I (Sus palustris Rütimeyer) anatomically compared with prehistoric and

recent wild and domestic pigs    355-358

Identical with Torfschwein (turbary pig) of European neolithic and bronze-age stations    355

Cavicornia    359-382

Long-horned wild ox (Bos namadicus)    359-364

Anatomically compared with fossil and prehistoric bovids of Eurasia and Egypt    359-369

Domestic long-horned cattle (Bos taurus macroceros) of Anau I   

Anatomically compared with wild and domestic cattle of Eurasia and Egypt    364-369

Domesticated out of the wild Bos namadicus of Anau I    369

Identical with the long-horned Apis of early Egypt    369

Ovina. Wild sheep of Anau I (a) (Ovis vignei arkal) anatomically compared with Eurasi-

atic forms    370-372

Domestic sheep of Anau I    372-38o

Progress of domestication out of Ovis vignei arkal shown in changes in size, and in

character of bone structure    372-373
Towards end of Anau I a smaller breed established identical with Ovis aries palustris Rütimeyer, the Torfschaf of European neolithic and bronze-age stations. Anatomically compared with the wild ancestor and with domestic sheep of

prehistoric Europe    374-376

First breed (large horned)    376

Hornless breed of Anau II .     376-38o

Tables of anatomical comparisons    374,375,377-379

Capra hircus riitimeyeri Duerst. Domestic goat of Anau II, anatomically compared.    380-381

Antelopinæ. Gazelle of Anau I    382

Cervidæ. The stag of Persia    382

Camelidæ. Camel of Anau II    383-384

Perissodactyla. Horse of Anau.    384-399

Distinguishing anatomical characteristics of Western and Oriental horse groups and asses.   386

   In the teeth (tables) . 387, 388, 390

In the bones (tables) .    391-395

Type and relations of the horse from Anau    396-399

The diluvial horse differentiated into three types: Desert type (Equus caballus pumpellii), Steppe type (Equus caballus germanicus seu robustus) and Forest type

(Equus caballus nehringi)    399

Tortoise (Testudo horsfceldii Gray)    399

CHAPTER XIX. THE HORSE OP ANAU IN ITS RELATION TO HISTORY AND TO THE RACES OP

DOMESTIC HORSES    401-431

Oriental and occidental horse groups    401

Fossil and subfossil horses    402

   Horse of the Quaternary period of Europe    402

The horses of prehistoric times    403

The horses of the Neolithic Age    403

Craniological differences between the ass and horse    404-4:0

The horses of Europe in the Copper, La Tène, Hallstadt, and Roman periods    410

Skulls of the prehistoric horses    411

   Teeth 411-414

The skull and its proportions    414-417

The bones of the extremities    417-426

Calculated sizes of the prehistoric horses    426

Conclusions .    427
Application of the measurements to determination of the relationship of the various prehistoric

horses among themselves and to the horse of Anau    427

The Tertiary horses of Europe    428

Only one type of wild horse over Europe and Asia in Pliocene and Pleistocene time; probably

Equus stenonis Cocchi    428

   Equus przewalskii its last wild representative    428