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| 0087 |
Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.1 |
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sediments were deposited over the old channel shown in shaft B, there has been
no recurrence of dissection. Had irrigation not come to the rescue, the aggrading
shore-line would have receded desertward, and the prolonging channels would
have carried the sediments onward to form barren takyrs on the dune-covered
plain.
At present practically only the excess of water in the high floods carries fine
sediments beyond the delta, for the water that is allowed to escape after the
irrigating season is nearly clear. Thus practically all the detritus is retained
in the delta. The coarser material is rolled along in the ditches; the rest is dis-
tributed over the fields, where it accumulates as a creamy white formation of even
texture, of evenly mixed clay and very fine sand. The marked characteristic
of this formation is an entire absence of stratification. This is doubtless due
to growth of vegetation and the annual comminution of the soil through the
processes of cultivation, for while the annual increment of sediment is only a small
fraction of an inch, the yearly manipulation breaks up the ground to a depth
of several inches.
At present our only way of estimating rate of growth of irrigation sediments
is by comparison with that of the accumulation of culture-strata. Both the city
of Anau and the irrigation formation started on the natural surface of the delta;
and, while in the city the culture-strata have grown to a height of 38 feet, the
irrigation formation has risen on each side to a thickness of 15 feet, which would
give a ratio of 1 of irrigation to nearly 2.5 of the loosely compacted culture-strata
of the city of Anau.
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