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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
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| 0035 |
Explorations in Turkestan : Expedition of 1904 : vol.2 |
Captions
| [Figure] 434 |
Glacier of the Kara at and a Section of its Valley 1.5 miles below (Kara Kul). |
| [Figure] 435 |
A Pool where Kara Kul Sediments have caved in over Melting Lobes of Glacier Ice. |
Citation Information
OCR Text
The general limits of ice in the second epoch are sufficiently traceable to
indicate a remarkable difference of outline between it and the first. It may be
doubted if much, if any, of the region of Kara Kul was free from ice during the
first epoch's maximum expansion. A snow-line 3,000 feet lower than its present
would cover all the Northern Pamir with ice. During the second epoch mountains
around Kara Kul were mantled with ice apparently reaching about 1,000 feet
lower than their present ice-dome margins; and from this extended valley-flows
through gorges cut in massive moraine heaped along the mountain flanks during
the first epoch. Reaching the plain they spread out as coalescing fans, which in
some way or other became buried by lake clays.
There appears to be no doubt of the glacial origin of these lake clays, as they
are characteristic of glacial grinding, light gray or non-oxidized, with flakes of
mica and layers containing small angular fragments. They are finely laminated
and cover a wide area east of the lake. A large proportion lie horizontal, as
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