国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

small oasis of Hua-hai-tzu or Ying-p'an in
the centre of the basin.
Corrections. A. 5. Add name Wan-fo-
hsia in red against symbols of cave temples
Astronomically observed latitudes.
1906-08. Ch'iao-tzu, Camp 184 (large temple within S.W. corner of
circumvallation ; A. 5) ... ... ... 40° 19' 40″
Ch'ih-chin-sê, Camp 237 (rest-house near ruined temple on left
river-bank ; D. 5) ... ... ... 40° 5' 34″
1913-15. Shih-êrh-tun, Camp 125 (in hamlet S. of stream ; C. 5) 40° 28' 18″
Lo-t'o-ching, Camp 208 (near spring ; D. 3) ... 41° 10' 29″
Tsagan-gulu, Camp 211 (near spring ; B. 2) ... 41° 47' 31″
Ming-shui, Camp 213 (at well, close to ruined enclosure ; A. 1) ... 42° 2' 6″

NOTES ON SHEET No. 41 (CH'ANG-MA)

The sheet shows the mountain area
surveyed from the foot hills of the Western
Nan-shan to the high snowy range dividing
the upper Su-lo-ho valley and the headwaters
of the T'a-shih river from the plateaus drain-
ed by the sources of the Tang-ho or Tun-
huang river. All the work here shown was
done in 1907. The plane-table traverses
have been adjusted on the positions accepted
for An-hsi and Su-chou ; for the correction
to which the longitude of the former place
is probably subject, see Notes on Sheet No.
38. Observed latitudes are available for
three points in this sheet.
For a brief description of the ground
seen between the headwaters of the T'a-shih
river (A. 1) and the T'u-ta-fan pass (D. 1),
see Desert Cathay, ii. pp. 262 sqq.; for that
of the ranges on either side of the upper
Su-lo-ho course falling within the S.E. corner
of the sheet, cf. ibid. ii. pp. 320 sq.
Within the mountain area comprised in
this sheet may be sought the division between
the Western and Central Nan-shan. But
along which line this division could conve-
niently be placed does not appear clearly
from the topographical facts observed by me.
Except for one important distinction, that
of climatic conditions, the division might be
treated as merely conventional ; for the
grouping into several parallel ranges which
is characteristic of the Central Nan-shan has
its close counterpart also in the western por-
tion of the mountain system.
Whereas, however, all these ranges in
the west, almost up to the snow-covered
slopes of the southernmost and highest, are
extremely arid, a distinct change to the
moister climate of the Central Nan-shan

at Camp 186.
C. 5. For Shih-êrh-t'un read Shih-êrh-
tun.

was observed by me in the valley leading up
to the T'u-ta-fan pass (D. 1). From there
to the east ample vegetation, found even in
the valleys of the outermost range and at
comparatively low altitudes, affords evidence
of a far more abundant rain- and snow-fall.
No such signs of increased humidity
were observed by me on crossing the Su-lo-
ho valley near Ch'ang-ma (B.1). In the
oasis of Ch'ang-ma, lying more than 7,000
feet above the sea, cultivation depends wholly
on irrigation from subsoil drainage, caught
where it comes to the surface at the foot of
the huge gravel glacis descending from the
high snowy range to the south. Further
east, however, conditions seem less arid ; for
there surface drainage from the outer ranges
is available for the small patches of cultiva-
tion found on the plateau (D.1) between the
Nan-shan foothills and the chain south of
the Hua-hai-tzu basin.
The climatic difference just mentioned
is clearly reflected also in the snow line level
which our observations made in July-August,
1907, indicated. In the high range south
of Ch'ang-ma it seemed to lie at an eleva-
tion represented by an approximate contour
line of 17,350 feet, whereas further east, in
the ranges sighted from the T'u-ta-fan (D. 1)
and on our way to the Su-lo-ho headwaters, the
snow-line descended distinctly lower and has
been shown accordingly at a level approx-
imately corresponding to 16,000 feet.
As already noted, the disposal into
successive parallel ranges which is peculiar
to the Central Nan-shan continues also into
this sheet. But owing to the absence of
well-marked longitudinal valleys between
them, and partly also in consequence of the