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The complete Index of Local Names which I have added to these Appendices is
Indices of primarily meant to facilitate reference to the maps in respect of parti-
Memoir. cular localities. But in view of the special care I had taken about
the correct phonetic record of all names, I hope, it will in competent
scholars' hands prove useful also for philological enquiries into the local nomenclature of that
Eastern Turkish language which has spread its place names over vast regions of Asia. For
the preparation of the General Index to the Memoir I am mainly indebted to the help of my
archæological assistant Miss F. M. G. Lorimer.

The text of my Memoir has derived much benefit from the painstaking attention which
Printing of my friend Major K. Mason, M.C., R.E., qualified alike by knowledge
Memoir. of the subject and by literary experience, has been kind enough to
bestow upon it both in manuscript and in print. To him and Captain
W. E. Perry, M.C., R.E., in charge of the Printing Office of the Trigonometrical Survey,
I owe my thanks for manifold assistance during the printing of the Memoir.

The ready help of the Photo.-Litho. Office of the Survey of India, Calcutta, has made
it possible to add to the Memoir the series of plates which, I hope, will
Illustrations. be useful in bringing before the eyes of the reader, whether of the
maps or the text, characteristic features of the ground in the mountains and deserts we sur-
veyed. The photographs reproduced were taken by myself and have already partly served
for the illustration of my Personal Narratives and Detailed Reports of the first and second
journeys. For the reproduction of the panoramic views in Plates 3, 5, 7, I am indebted
to the kind permission of the Royal Geographical Society which had first published them in
my Mountain Panoramas from the Pamirs and Kwen Lun.

If I have left it to the last to express my personal gratitude to my Indian survey-
Help of surveyors ing assistants it is merely because the Memoir itself shows how pre-
in the field. ponderating was their share in the labours which the surveys recorded
in the maps have cost. I may safely leave it to those who will use
our maps, whether in the field or in the study, to judge of the value of these labours. Of
the self-sacrificing efforts which my travel companions had to make in order to carry out
their tasks, mostly on desert ground or in equally forbidding mountain regions, I have had
ample occasion to furnish proofs in the published accounts of my journeys. Rai Sahib
Ram Singh, the earliest of my companions in the field and skilful alike with plane-table and
theodolite; Rai Bahadur Lal Singh, the veteran of indomitable energy whose exertions
neither risks nor hardships could ever restrain, and young Afraz-gul Khan, now Khan Sahib,
who, joining me last in the field, soon proved possessed both of a keen topographical sense and
a true spirit of daring,—they all faced their duties with unflinching devotion, in spite of
severe trials and privations. In Gurkha, Sikh and Pathān I was fortunate enough to find ever
faithful, hardworking companions, and with their help I shall always associate my happiest
recollections of travel.

AUREL STEIN.

Camp Mohand Marg, Kashmir:

July 31, 1922.