National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

Yārkand, Camp 31 (at Chīnī-bāgh, circ. 1 mile S. of City walls;
C. 4) ... ... ... ... 35° 23′ 45″
1906-08. Yārkand, Camp 19 (at Chīnī-bāgh as above, outside garden;
C. 4) ... ... ... ... 38° 23′ 49″
Ighiz-yār, Camp 12 (A. 3) ... ... ... 38° 40′ 9″
Bāgh-jigda, Camp 21 (Dōgha Bēg's house; C. 4) ... 38° 28′ 17″

NOTES ON SHEET No. 6 (KARGHALIK, KILIAN)

This sheet shows the mountainous areas
south of the Karghalik-Khotan road up to
the valley of the uppermost Yārkand river.
Most of the ground was surveyed from routes
followed in 1906 and 1908, the surveys
being supplemented by work done in 1900
on the main road to Khotan along the edge
of the Taklamakān, and in 1915 by that on
the caravan route which leads from Kök-yār
up the Tiznaf river headwaters to the Yār-
kand river valley and the Kara-koram pass.
For Karghalik and Kök-yār astronomi-
cally observed latitudes were available, and
for the former place the longitude of 77° 26′
30″ was adopted as the mean of Colonel
Trotter's traverse value and that obtained
by Captain Deasy by chronometer; these
differed only by 1′ 51″. The accepted posi-
tions of Karghalik and Khotan, as well as
the triangulated points in the adjoining
sheets Nos. 9 and 10, served as pivots for
fitting the plane-table work. In addition
to other latitudes those observed on Sir F.
De Filippi's expedition were used for fixing
the positions of R. B. Lāl Singh's Camps
366, 370, 375, 377 along the Karghalik-
Kara-koram route (C. 2-4, D. 4).
In the absence of any height determina-
tions on the main range, the indication of
the snow-line in this sheet at an approximate
elevation of 17,500 feet can only be consi-
dered as conjectural. Taking into account
that the snowy portions of the main range
near the Karlik-dawān (D.3) were seen by
Rai Rām Singh only in the early summer
Astronomically observed latitudes.
1900-01. Karghalik, Camp 33 (at Yetim-lukum, circ. 1 mile S.W. of
Bāzār; C. 1) ... ... ... ... 37° 53′ 32″
1906-08. Kök-yār, Camp 24 (Chavash Bēg's house; C. 2) ... ... 37° 24′ 1″
Kosh-yüz-öghil, Camp 26 (C. 2) ... ... ... 37° 3′ 20″

of 1906, this approximately assumed limit
of perpetual snow represents a sufficiently
close approach to the snow-line of 18,000
feet as shown on the map of Sir F. De
Filippi's expedition.
For brief descriptions of the routes
followed by myself from Karghalik to Gūma
and from Karghalik to Kiliān, see Ruins of
Khotan, pp. 167 sqq.; Desert Cathay, i. pp.
142 sqq. As regards the early topography
of Karghalik and the hill tracts south, cf.
Ancient Khotan, i. pp. 89 sqq.; Serindia, i.
pp. 85 sqq.
Apart from the large and fertile oasis
of Karghalik, cultivation is limited in this
area to a series of small settlements, Kök-
yār, Yül-arik, Ushak-bāshi, Kiliān, all situ-
ated where the rivers from this part of the
western K'un-lun debouch on a broad plateau
overlooking the desert plains. The higher
valleys on the Tiznaf river headwaters and
east of them afford sufficient summer grazing
for large flocks of sheep owned at Kök-yār,
etc.
Corrections. C. 1. The grass symbols
N. of Bēsh-terek-langar ought to be in green.
C.2. The symbol for astronomical lati-
tude observation should be added against
C. 26 Kosh-yüz-öghil.
D.2. The area of 'low dunes with tama-
risks' should have been shown in yellow as
'sandy tract with vegetation'.
C,D. 2,3. Hill contours ought to have
been interrupted where broken river courses
mark valleys sketched from a distance.

NOTES ON SHEET No. 7 (AK-SU, UCH-TURFĀN, KELPIN)

The surveys shown in this sheet extend
roughly from the valleys of the feeders of
the Ak-su river in the north to the riverine
belt of the Yārkand-daryā in the south.

The routes from Ak-su along the foot of the
main T'ien-shan and from Uch-Turfān due
south to Kelpin and Tumshuk (B.2-4) were
followed in the spring of 1908 and those