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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books

excessive wind-erosion. Its triangular area
is limited to the west and south by the Tārim
and its terminal marshes, and to the east by
the salt-encrusted bed of the ancient dried-
up Lop sea. Within this area the Kuruk-
daryā, 'the Dry River', once fed by the
Konche-daryā and partly, perhaps, also by
branching beds of the Tārim river, had its
delta during early historical times.

Its water rendered nomadic occupation
of the riverine belt in the north possible for
the indigenous herdsmen and fishermen of
Lou-lan, and along the same belt passed,
until the beginning of the fourth century
A. D., the ancient Chinese highway from
Tun-huang. Its line is marked by the
ruins of the Lou-lan Site and those explored
by me to the west and north-east of it (D. 3).
The extension of the Kuruk-daryā delta
much further to the south, too, is proved for
the same period by the ancient river-bed,
traced along the ruined sites which stretch
from L. R. to L. K. (C, D. 4).¹⁵

Astronomically observed latitudes.
1906-08. Lou-lan Station, L. A., Camp 124 (Stūpa ruin, near N.E. corner of
circumvallation ; D. 3) ... ... ... 40° 31′ 14″
Camp 125, Lou-lan Site (about half a mile S.E. of temple ruins,
L. B.; D. 3) ... ... ... ... 40° 34′ 30″
1913-15. Yaka-yārdang-bulak, Camp 76 (tamarisk-cone near spring ; A. 3) 40° 44′ 22″
Lou-lan Station, L. A., Camp 83 (Stūpa ruin, near N.E. corner of
circumvallation ; D. 3) ... ... ... 40° 30′ 57″
Örkash-bulak, Camp 248 (near spring ; B. 1) ... ... 41° 59′ 13″
Singer, Camp 250 (near station A of base, on S. bank of Nullah ; B. 2) 41° 27′ 57″
Āltmish-bulak, Camp 86 (near westernmost spring ; D. 3)
(Camp of 1914, February) ... ... ... 40° 56′ 55″
(Camp of 1914, December) ... ... ... 40° 56′ 43″
Āstin-bulak, Camp 81 (at E. end of base, on E. bank of Nullah ; D. 3) 40° 50′ 8″
do. (near spring) ... ... ... ... 40° 50′ 40″
Azghan-bulak, Camp 292 (at spring ; A. 2) ... ... 41° 18′ 27″

NOTES ON SHEET No. 30 (LOP-NOR)

The surveyed area of the sheet shows
the terminal course of the Tārim, with the
marshes usually known to geographers as
Lop-nōr, as well as the ground extending
southwards to the outermost range of the
K'un-lun. Most of the routes were followed
on both the second and third expeditions
with slight variations.

The delineation of the mountainous
ground in the south is adjusted to the
stations and intersected points of R. B. Lāl
Singh's triangulation of 1913. As a result
of the error already referred to in the Notes on
the preceding sheet and fully explained by
Major Mason in Appendix A, the positions
of the triangulated points from those near
Toghrak-chap (B. 3) eastwards have been
shown in the map with longitude values

Corrections. A. 4. Chong-köl-satma to
be printed black.
C. 4. Symbols for ancient dwellings at
L. M. Site (Camp xcii) should be printed red.
D. 3. 'Lou-lan Site' should be printed
red.